Linux，使用替换项目列表在文件文件夹上查找替换? [英] Linux, find replace on a folder of files using a list of items for replacement?

问题描述

我正在寻找一种使用外部列表 (Replace.txt) 来替换/temp 中包含 50 个文件的文件夹中的文本的方法.

I'm looking for a way to use an external list (Replace.txt) to replace text on a folder of 50 files in /temp.

我的替换文件 Replace.txt 将类似于以下内容，但包含 400 多个项目.

My replacement file Replace.txt will be something like the following but contain 400+ items.

Old,New
Apples, Oranges
Mellon, Bananas
Car, Train

例如

我可以使用 sed，但手动添加我的列表效率不高.不知道能不能用类似sed代码的外部文件列表.

I could use sed but adding my list manually would not be efficient. I don't know if you can use an external file list with similar code for sed.

代码:

sed -i 's/item1/itemb/g:s/itemc/itemd/g:s/iteme/itemf/g' *

大家有什么好用的吗?

推荐答案

您可以使用 sed 从输入文件轻松生成 sed 脚本.>

You can easily generate a sed script from your input file ... using sed.

sed 's/^/s%/;s/, */%/;s/$/%g/' Replace.txt | sed -f - -i /directory/*

管道中的第一个命令根据您的替换模式生成一个 sed 脚本；看起来像

The first command in the pipeline generates a sed script from your replacement patterns; it looks like

s%Old%New%g
s%Apples%Bananas%g

然后我们将其提供给另一个 sed 实例，指定标准输入 (-) 作为从中读取脚本的文件 (-f>) 以及您要在其中执行这些替换的文件作为文件名参数.

and we then feed this to another sed instance, specifying standard input (-) as the file to read the script from (-f) and the files you want to perform these replacements in as the file name arguments.

s/^/s%/ 在行首插入 s%.s/, */%/ 仅用 % 替换第一个逗号(带有可选的尾随空格).s/$/%g/ 在每行的末尾添加 %g.(在正则表达式中，^ 匹配行首，$ 匹配行尾.)

s/^/s%/ inserts s% at beginning of line. s/, */%/ replaces the first comma (with optional trailing whitespace) with just %. s/$/%g/ adds %g at the end of each line. (In regex, ^ matches the beginning of line, and $ matches the end of line.)

Linux sed 愉快地从标准输入读取脚本；其他一些平台可能会受到阻碍，或者需要像 /dev/stdin 这样的解决方法而不是 - 作为文件名参数.在最坏的情况下，将生成的脚本保存在一个临时文件中，完成后将其删除.

Linux sed happily reads a script from standard input; some other platforms may be encumbered, or require a workaround like /dev/stdin instead of - as the file name argument. In the worst case, save the generated script in a temporary file, then remove it when you're done.

也许会注意到，这会很高兴地将 PineApplesauce 替换为 PineBananasauce，将 Boldface 替换为 BNewface.您或许可以围绕 Old 文本设计一个更受约束的正则表达式.另请注意，如果 Old 包含正则表达式元字符，如果您希望 sed 从字面上替换它们，则应将其转义；所以

Perhaps notice that this will happily replace PineApplesauce with PineBananasauce and BOldface with BNewface. You can perhaps devise a more constrained regular expression around the Old text. Notice also that if Old contains regular expression metacharacters, those should be escaped if you want sed to replace them literally; so

s%your *new* friend%your *old* buddy%

是错误的，应该是类似

s%your [*]new[*] friend%your *old* buddy%

如果意图是将旧"短语解释为字面文本.

if the intent is to interpret the "old" phrase as literal text.

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