使用内存数据库为 Rest 控制器编写测试 [英] Use in-memory db to write tests for Rest controllers

问题描述

我正在为 Spring boot Rest 控制器编写测试.这个休息控制器将一些值写入数据库.

I'm writing a test for a Spring boot Rest controller. This rest controller writes some values to the db.

我想使用 Spring 为这个测试提供的内存数据库.根据 this doc 我必须使用 @DataJpaTest 注释测试类，这会导致此错误:

I want to use in-memory database which Spring provides for this test. According to this doc I have to annotate the test class with @DataJpaTest, which causes this error:

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext

在错误堆栈跟踪的更深处，我看到抛出了以下异常:

Further down in the error stack trace I see the following exception was thrown:

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException:创建名为org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration"的bean时出错:通过构造函数参数0表达的不满足的依赖；嵌套异常是 org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:创建名为dataSource"的 bean 时出错:调用 init 方法失败；嵌套异常是 java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to replace DataSource with an Embedded database for tests.如果你想要一个嵌入式数据库，请在类路径上放置一个支持的数据库或调整@AutoconfigureTestDatabase 的替换属性.

这是我正在研究的测试类:

This is the test class which I'm working on:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@DataJpaTest
public class AuthenticationControllerFTest {

    @Autowired 
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @MockBean
    private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext context;

    @Autowired
    private Filter springSecurityFilterChain;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(context)
                .addFilters(springSecurityFilterChain).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testCreate() throws Exception {

        String exampleUserInfo = "{\"name\":\"Salam12333\",\"username\":\"[e-mail]\",\"password\":\"Salam12345\"}";
        RequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders
                .post("/signup")
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(exampleUserInfo)
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);

        MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(requestBuilder).andReturn();

        MockHttpServletResponse response = result.getResponse();
        int status = response.getStatus();
        Assert.assertEquals("http response status is wrong", 200, status);
    }
}

是什么导致了这个错误?

What is causing this error ?

编辑 1这是我的 application.properties 的内容:

spring.datasource.username = hello
spring.datasource.password = hello
spring.datasource.driver-class-name= com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myproject?useSSL=false

spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
logging.level.org.hibernate.SQL=DEBUG
logging.level.org.hibernate.type=TRACE
logging.level.org.springframework.web=DEBUG

server.port = 8443
server.ssl.key-store = classpath:tomcat.keystore
server.ssl.key-store-password = hello
server.ssl.key-password = hello
server.ssl.enabled = true
server.ssl.key-alias=myproject

编辑 2

我在 pom.xml 中添加了以下内容:

I added the following to my pom.xml:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hsqldb</groupId>
    <artifactId>hsqldb</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

我使用以下内容创建了 application-test.properties:

I created application-test.properties with the following content:

spring.datasource.username= root
spring.datasource.password= password
spring.datasource.driver-class-name= org.h2.Driver
spring.datasource.url= jdbc:h2:mem:db;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1

1. 用户名和密码是什么?我应该在哪里设置它们?
2. 我还在测试类中添加了 @ActiveProfiles("test")，当我运行测试时，我收到一个包含这一行的错误:

1. What is the username and passowrd ? Where should I set them ?
2. I also added @ActiveProfiles("test") to the test class, when I run the test I get an error which includes this line :

Caused by: org.hibernate.HibernateException: 'hibernate.dialect' 未设置时，对 DialectResolutionInfo 的访问不能为空

推荐答案

假设您使用 @SpringBootApplication 注释类，它启用自动配置并且您有 H2 依赖于类路径(见下文) Spring Boot 将看到 H2 内存数据库依赖项，它将创建 javax.sql.DataSource 实现.默认连接 URL 为 jdbc:h2:mem:testdb，默认用户名和密码为:用户名:sa 和密码:空.

Assuming you annotate class with @SpringBootApplication, which enables auto-configuration and you have H2 dependency on classpath(see below) Spring Boot will see H2 in-memory database dependency and it will create javax.sql.DataSource implementation. Default connection URL is jdbc:h2:mem:testdb and the default username and password are: username: sa and password: empty.

application.properties 文件

application.properties file

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:tesdb;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE
    spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver
    spring.datasource.username=sa
    spring.datasource.password=

    spring.datasource.testWhileIdle = true
    spring.datasource.validationQuery = SELECT 1

    spring.jpa.show-sql = true
    spring.h2.console.enabled=true // if you need console

H2 依赖

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
       <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
      <scope>runtime</scope>
   </dependency>

   <dependency> // If you need h2 web console 
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   </dependency>

您可以访问 h2 控制台进行管理 http://localhost:8080/h2-console

You can gain access to h2 console for management http://localhost:8080/h2-console

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