无法在 Ruby 中加载 tk [英] Not able to load tk in Ruby
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问题描述
我正在尝试在 Ruby 中运行一些 tk 代码，但它不起作用.以下是错误:
I am trying to run some tk code in Ruby, but it is not working. Following is the error:
iuser@debian:~$ irb
irb(main):001:0> require 'tk'
LoadError: cannot load such file -- tk
from /usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from /usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from (irb):1
from /usr/bin/irb:11:in `<main>'
irb(main):002:0>
我正在使用安装了 Ruby 和 Tk 的 Debian-9 Linux:
I am working on Debian-9 Linux with Ruby and Tk installed:
Package Installed Previous Now State
=======================-===============-===============-===============-=====
tk 8.6.0+9 8.6.0+9 8.6.0+9 install
ruby 1:2.3.3 1:2.3.3 1:2.3.3 install
问题出在哪里，如何解决?感谢您的帮助.
Where is the problem and how can this be solved? Thanks for your help.
如评论中所述，我尝试使用 gems 安装 tk，但它没有用:
As mentioned in comments, I tried to install tk with gems, but it did not work:
$ sudo gem install tk
[sudo] password for cardio:
Fetching: tk-0.2.0.gem (100%)
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing tk:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
current directory: /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/tk-0.2.0/ext/tk
/usr/bin/ruby2.3 -r ./siteconf20170906-9548-1db359q.rb extconf.rb
mkmf.rb can't find header files for ruby at /usr/lib/ruby/include/ruby.h
extconf failed, exit code 1
Gem files will remain installed in /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/tk-0.2.0 for inspection.
Results logged to /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/extensions/x86-linux/2.3.0/tk-0.2.0/gem_make.out
我在安装 ruby-dev 包(用于头文件)后再次尝试，但仍然失败(带有很长的消息):
I tried again after installing ruby-dev package (for header files), but still it failed (with a long message):
$ sudo gem install tk
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing tk:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
current directory: /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/tk-0.2.0/ext/tk
/usr/bin/ruby2.3 -r ./siteconf20170906-15971-qfma2e.rb extconf.rb
Configure options for Ruby/Tk may be updated.
So, delete files which depend on old configs.
check functions.checking for ruby_native_thread_p() in ruby.h... yes
checking for rb_errinfo() in ruby.h... yes
checking for rb_safe_level() in ruby.h... yes
checking for rb_hash_lookup() in ruby.h... yes
checking for rb_proc_new() in ruby.h... yes
checking for rb_obj_untrust() in ruby.h... yes
checking for rb_obj_taint() in ruby.h... yes
checking for rb_set_safe_level_force() in ruby.h... yes
checking for rb_sourcefile() in ruby.h... yes
checking for rb_thread_alive_p() in ruby.h... no
checking for rb_thread_check_trap_pending() in ruby.h... yes
checking for ruby_enc_find_basename() in ruby.h... yes
check libraries.checking for t_open() in -lnsl... no
checking for socket() in -lsocket... no
checking for dlopen() in -ldl... yes
checking for log() in -lm... yes
Specified Tcl/Tk version is ["8.6", "8.6"]
Use ActiveTcl libraries (if available).
Search tclConfig.sh (in /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/tcl8.6/tclConfig.sh) and tkConfig.sh (in /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/tk8.6/tkConfig.sh).
Fail to find [tclConfig.sh, tkConfig.sh]
Use X11 libraries (or use TK_XINCLUDES/TK_XLIBSW information on tkConfig.sh).
checking for XOpenDisplay() in -lX11... no
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.
Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=/usr/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)2.3
--enable-shared
--with-tk-old-extconf
--without-tk-old-extconf
--with-tk-old-extconf
--without-tk-old-extconf
--with-ActiveTcl
--without-ActiveTcl
--with-tk-shlib-search-path
--without-tk-shlib-search-path
--with-tcltkversion
--with-tcl-build-dir
--without-tcl-build-dir
--with-tk-build-dir
--without-tk-build-dir
--with-tcl-config
--without-tcl-config
--with-tk-config
--without-tk-config
--with-tclConfig-dir
--with-tkConfig-dir
--with-tclConfig-file
--without-tclConfig-file
--with-tkConfig-file
--without-tkConfig-file
--with-tcllib
--with-tklib
--with-tcl-dir
--without-tcl-dir
--with-tk-dir
--without-tk-dir
--with-tcl-include
--with-tk-include
--with-tcl-lib
--with-tk-lib
--with-tcltk-framework
--without-tcltk-framework
--with-tcl-framework-dir
--without-tcl-framework-dir
--with-tk-framework-dir
--without-tk-framework-dir
--with-tcl-framework-header
--without-tcl-framework-header
--with-tk-framework-header
--without-tk-framework-header
--with-X11
--without-X11
--with-X11-dir
--without-X11-dir
--with-X11-include
--without-X11-include
--with-X11-lib
--without-X11-lib
--enable-tcltk-stubs
--disable-tcltk-stubs
--enable-tcl-h-ver-check
--disable-tcl-h-ver-check
--enable-tk-h-ver-check
--disable-tk-h-ver-check
--enable-mac-tcltk-framework
--disable-mac-tcltk-framework
--enable-tcltk-framework
--disable-tcltk-framework
--enable-pthread
--disable-pthread
--enable-tcl-thread
--disable-tcl-thread
--enable-space-on-tk-libpath
--disable-space-on-tk-libpath
--with-nsllib
--without-nsllib
--with-socketlib
--without-socketlib
--with-dllib
--without-dllib
--with-mlib
--without-mlib
--with-tcl-build-dir
--without-tcl-build-dir
--with-tk-build-dir
--without-tk-build-dir
--with-tcltkversion
--with-ActiveTcl
--without-ActiveTcl
--enable-space-on-tk-libpath
--disable-space-on-tk-libpath
--enable-tcltk-stubs
--disable-tcltk-stubs
--with-tcltk-stubs
--without-tcltk-stubs
--with-tcl-dir
--without-tcl-dir
--with-tcl-include=${tcl-dir}/include
--with-tcl-lib=${tcl-dir}/lib
--with-tk-dir
--without-tk-dir
--with-tk-include=${tk-dir}/include
--with-tk-lib=${tk-dir}/lib
--with-tclConfig-file
--without-tclConfig-file
--with-tkConfig-file
--without-tkConfig-file
--with-tclConfig-dir
--with-tkConfig-dir
--with-tk-shlib-search-path
--without-tk-shlib-search-path
--with-tklib
--with-tcllib
--with-X11
--without-X11
--with-X11-dir
--without-X11-dir
--with-X11-include
--without-X11-include=${X11-dir}/include
--with-X11-lib
--without-X11-lib=${X11-dir}/lib
--with-X11-lib
--without-X11-lib
--with-X11lib
--without-X11lib
Warning:: cannot find X11 library. tcltklib will not be compiled (tcltklib is disabled on your Ruby. That is, Ruby/Tk will not work). Please check configure options. If your Tcl/Tk don't require X11, please try --without-X11.
Can't find X11 libraries.
So, can't make tcltklib.so which is required by Ruby/Tk.
To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:
/var/lib/gems/2.3.0/extensions/x86-linux/2.3.0/tk-0.2.0/mkmf.log
extconf failed, exit code 1
Gem files will remain installed in /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/tk-0.2.0 for inspection.
Results logged to /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/extensions/x86-linux/2.3.0/tk-0.2.0/gem_make.out
推荐答案
标准 Ruby GUI 工具包 Tk 的绑定需要一些技巧才能安装在 Ubuntu 上https://saveriomiroddi.github.io/Installing-ruby-tk-bindings-gem-on-ubuntu/
The bindings for the standard Ruby GUI toolkit, Tk, need some trickery in order to be installed on Ubuntu https://saveriomiroddi.github.io/Installing-ruby-tk-bindings-gem-on-ubuntu/
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