PySimpleGUI/Tk:在 Mac 上启动非常慢 [英] PySimpleGUI / Tk: very slow startup on Mac
问题描述
我花了很多时间试图理解为什么在 Mac OS X 上使用 Tk 加载 PySimpleGUI 需要这么多时间.
更具体地说:
window.refresh()需要9 秒来完成我的(非常简单的)完整 UI.我为调查减少了它，所以现在需要 3 秒.
这种情况发生大约 1/7 次，而其他时候通常很短.Windows 上的同一应用程序未显示此问题.
简化的用户界面是这样的:
布局如下:
顶部 (2)--- 行 ------->- - - - 柱子 ()--------|--- Btn相机"|Btn关闭"--------|------ 行 ------->------- 列(左列)--------|行 ------->--------|--- Btn4"|Btn10"|Btn20"|Btn40"|--------|---- 列 ()--------|-----|--- CB比例尺"--------|-----|--- CB白条"--------|行 ------->--------|--- BtnBrFd"|BtnDAPI"|BtnFITC"|BtnCY3"--------|行 ------->--------|--- 多行 |Btn"--------|行 ------->--------|--- 多行 |Btn"--------|行 ------->--------|--- Btn"|Btn显示最后"|Btn保存"|Btn出口IJ"--------|行 ------->--------|--- Btn导出 TIF"|Btn删除选中"我用分析器运行它:
rm prof &&python -m cProfile -o prof uscope.py然后使用此代码:
导入 pstats从 pstats 导入 SortKeyp = pstats.Stats('prof')p.sort_stats(SortKey.CUMULATIVE).print_stats(10)获得此分析:
<前>2021 年 4 月 29 日星期四 15:10:39 教授204224 次函数调用(199897 次原始调用)在 4.099 秒内订购者:累计时间由于限制，列表从 2141 个减少到 10 个ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function)552/1 0.003 0.000 4.100 4.100 {内置方法builtins.exec}1 0.000 0.000 4.100 4.100 uscope.py:24()1 0.000 0.000 3.460 3.460/Users/u/Prog/c/pbio-printer/camera2/VerySimpleGUI2.py:335(build_and_run)393/389 3.170 0.008 3.170 0.008 {_tkinter.tkapp"对象的调用"方法}1 0.000 0.000 2.978 2.978/Users/u/opt/miniconda3/envs/camera/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PySimpleGUI/PySimpleGUI.py:8247(刷新)1 0.000 0.000 2.978 2.978/Users/u/opt/miniconda3/envs/camera/lib/python3.7/tkinter/__init__.py:1175(更新)278/10 0.002 0.000 0.638 0.064 :978(_find_and_load)277/10 0.001 0.000 0.638 0.064 :948(_find_and_load_unlocked)386/11 0.000 0.000 0.636 0.058 :211(_call_with_frames_removed)258/8 0.001 0.000 0.635 0.079 :663(_load_unlocked)问题线似乎是这个:
393/389 3.170 0.008 3.170 0.008 {'_tkinter.tkapp'对象的'调用'方法}如果您能提供有关此问题的任何线索，我将不胜感激！
对此我没有很好的解释，但感谢 @lenka_cizkova 添加的评论，我现在可以提供解决方法:
通过添加启动画面，即使是很短的(100ms)，主画面也会立即加载:
# 在 Mac OSX 上消除长加载时间的闪屏如果 os.name != 'nt':SPLASH_IMAGE_FILE = 'img/my-logo.png'DISPLAY_TIME_MILLISECONDS = 100sg.Window('',[[sg.Image(SPLASH_IMAGE_FILE)]], transparent_color=sg.theme_background_color(),no_titlebar=True, keep_on_top=True).read(timeout=DISPLAY_TIME_MILLISECONDS, close=True)此代码应在构建和显示主窗口之前放置.
I was spending a lot of time trying to understand why loading time of PySimpleGUI with Tk on Mac OS X takes so much time.
To be more specific:
window.refresh()
takes 9 seconds for my (quite simple) full UI. I reduced it for the investigation, so now it takes 3 seconds.
It is happening about 1/7 of the times, while on the other times it is normally short. Same app on Windows does not show this problem.
The reduced UI is this:
The layout goes like this:
Top (2)
--- Row ------->
------- Column ()
--------|--- Btn "Camera" | Btn "Close"
--------|---
--- Row ------->
------- Column (left-col)
--------| Row ------->
--------|--- Btn "4" | Btn "10" | Btn "20" | Btn "40" |
--------|---- Column ()
--------|-----|--- CB "Scale Bar"
--------|-----|--- CB "White Bar"
--------| Row ------->
--------|--- Btn "BrFd" | Btn "DAPI" | Btn "FITC" | Btn "CY3"
--------| Row ------->
--------|--- Multiline | Btn ""
--------| Row ------->
--------|--- Multiline | Btn ""
--------| Row ------->
--------|--- Btn "" | Btn "Show Last" | Btn "Save" | Btn "Export IJ"
--------| Row ------->
--------|--- Btn "Export TIF" | Btn "Delete Checked"
I was running it with a profiler:
rm prof && python -m cProfile -o prof uscope.py
then used this code:
import pstats
from pstats import SortKey
p = pstats.Stats('prof')
p.sort_stats(SortKey.CUMULATIVE).print_stats(10)
to get this analysis:
Thu Apr 29 15:10:39 2021 prof
204224 function calls (199897 primitive calls) in 4.099 seconds
Ordered by: cumulative time
List reduced from 2141 to 10 due to restriction
ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function)
552/1 0.003 0.000 4.100 4.100 {built-in method builtins.exec}
1 0.000 0.000 4.100 4.100 uscope.py:24()
1 0.000 0.000 3.460 3.460 /Users/u/Prog/c/pbio-printer/camera2/VerySimpleGUI2.py:335(build_and_run)
393/389 3.170 0.008 3.170 0.008 {method 'call' of '_tkinter.tkapp' objects}
1 0.000 0.000 2.978 2.978 /Users/u/opt/miniconda3/envs/camera/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PySimpleGUI/PySimpleGUI.py:8247(refresh)
1 0.000 0.000 2.978 2.978 /Users/u/opt/miniconda3/envs/camera/lib/python3.7/tkinter/__init__.py:1175(update)
278/10 0.002 0.000 0.638 0.064 :978(_find_and_load)
277/10 0.001 0.000 0.638 0.064 :948(_find_and_load_unlocked)
386/11 0.000 0.000 0.636 0.058 :211(_call_with_frames_removed)
258/8 0.001 0.000 0.635 0.079 :663(_load_unlocked)
the problematic line seem to be this one:
393/389 3.170 0.008 3.170 0.008 {method 'call' of '_tkinter.tkapp' objects}
I'd be very thankful for any clue regarding this problem!
I do not have a good explanation for this, but thanks to the comment added by @lenka_cizkova, I can now offer a workaround:
By adding a splash screen, even a very short one (100ms), the main screen is loaded immediately:
# Splash screen to eliminate long loading time on Mac OSX
if os.name != 'nt':
SPLASH_IMAGE_FILE = 'img/my-logo.png'
DISPLAY_TIME_MILLISECONDS = 100
sg.Window('',
[[sg.Image(SPLASH_IMAGE_FILE)]], transparent_color=sg.theme_background_color(),
no_titlebar=True, keep_on_top=True).read(timeout=DISPLAY_TIME_MILLISECONDS, close=True)
This code should be placed before building and showing the main window.
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