如何确定用例的非人类参与者? [英] How to determine non-human actors of a use case?

问题描述

我只是在学习 UML，并且正在质疑如何正确定义角色.我知道演员在系统中扮演角色，我在确定人类演员时没有问题.我的问题是如何确定哪些非人类的外部组件是系统中的参与者.

I'm just learning about UML and am questioning how to define actors correctly. I know that actors perform role in the system and I don't have a problem determining human actors. My question is how do I decide what non-human, external components are actors on the system.

例如，在家庭自动化系统中，房主和系统安装人员是演员.将门传感器或咖啡机命名为演员是否正确?这些组件从主计算机模块接收信号，并且可以编写用例以对它们执行操作(即打开/关闭咖啡机).

For example, in a home automation system a homeowner and a system installer would be actors. Would it be correct to name a door sensor or a coffee maker an actor? These components receive signals from the main computer module and use cases could be written for actions taken on them (i.e. turn the coffee maker on/off).

主计算机/服务器是系统"还是由计算机/服务器和所有组件(照明模块、咖啡机、门传感器)的集合组成的系统?

Is the main computer/server the "system" or is the system made up of the collection of the computer/server and all of the components (lighting modules, coffee makers, door sensors)?

推荐答案

@Stef - 参与者还可以协助主要参与者实现用例的既定目标.您示例中的在线服务就是这种情况.在线服务不会在此处启动任何用例，但在接收订单时，它成为 Order Food Supplies 用例的次要参与者.

@Stef - An actor can also assist the primary actor to achieve the stated goal of the use case. That would be the case with the online service from your example. The online service wouldn't initiate any use cases here, but in receiving the order, it becomes a secondary actor to the Order Food Supplies use case.

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