Python模块单元测试的最佳文件结构组织? [英] Optimal file structure organization of Python module unittests?

问题描述

遗憾的是，我发现在 Python 中保持单元测试的方法太多了，而且它们通常没有很好的文档记录.

Sadly I observed that there are are too many ways to keep your unittest in Python and they are not usually well documented.

我正在寻找一种终极"结构，可以满足以下大部分要求:

I am looking for an "ultimate" structure, one would accomplish most of the below requirements:

• 可被测试框架发现，包括:
  • pytest
  • 鼻子测试
  • 毒物

  请提供一个进行假测试的示例测试文件，指定文件名和目录.

  Please provide a sample test file that does a fake test, specify filename and directory.

  推荐答案

  这是我一直在使用的方法:

  Here's the approach I've been using:

  目录结构

  # All __init__.py files are empty in this example.
  app
      package_a
          __init__.py
          module_a.py
      package_b
          __init__.py
          module_b.py
      test
          __init__.py
          test_app.py
      __init__.py
  main.py
  

  ma​​in.py

  # This is the application's front-end.
  #
  # The import will succeed if Python can find the `app` package, which
  # will occur if the parent directory of app/ is in sys.path, either 
  # because the user is running the script from within that parect directory
  # or because the user has included the parent directory in the PYTHONPATH
  # environment variable.
  
  from app.package_a.module_a import aaa
  print aaa(123, 456)
  

  module_a.py

  # We can import a sibling module like this.
  from app.package_b.module_b import bbb
  def aaa(s, t):
      return '{0} {1}'.format(s, bbb(t))
  
  # We can also run module_a.py directly, using Python's -m option, which
  # allows you to run a module like a script.
  #
  #    python -m app.package_a.module_a
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      print aaa(111, 222)
      print bbb(333)
  

  module_b.py

  def bbb(s):
      return s + 1
  

  test_app.py

  import unittest
  
  # From the point of view of testing code, our working modules
  # are siblings. Imports work accordingly, as seen in module_a.
  from app.package_a.module_a import aaa
  from app.package_a.module_a import bbb
  
  class TestApp(unittest.TestCase):
  
      def test_aaa(self):
          self.assertEqual(aaa(77, 88), '77 89')
  
      def test_bbb(self):
          self.assertEqual(bbb(99), 100)
  
  # Simiarly, we can run our test modules directly as scripts using the -m option,
  # or using nose.
  #
  #    python -m app.test.test_app
  #    nosetests app/test/test_app.py
  
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      unittest.main()
  

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