@Autowired 不应该在没有 @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) 的情况下工作，但可以 [英] @Autowired should not work without @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) but does

问题描述

这里是一个 java spring 数据存储层的单元测试类.我有一个 spring 数据存储库层，其中使用注解 @Autowired 注入 TestEntityManager 类型对象(属于 spring 数据包).自动装配工作无需添加@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) 注释！那么问题出在哪里呢?好吧，我认为在不向类中添加 @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) 注释的情况下，注入是不可能的:理论上，如果没有它，它应该无法工作.这怎么可能 ?有人有答案吗?

Here is a unit testing class for a java spring data repository layer. I have a spring data repository layer in which the annotation @Autowired is used to inject TestEntityManager type object (belongs to spring data package). The autowiring works whitout adding @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) annotation ! So what is the problem ? Well, I think that injection should not be possible whitout adding @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) annotation to the class : it should not work without it theorically. How is it possible ? Does someone have any answer ?

>>>>在此处查看 github 上完整的 Spring Boot 应用程序代码

• 其他人在 stackoverflow 中遇到了相反的问题:

其他人遇到了相反的问题:见链接在这里

这是我奇怪的代码块，它非常有效:

Here is my strange bloc of code that amazingly that works :

包 org.loiz.demo;

package org.loiz.demo;

import org.assertj.core.api.BDDAssertions;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.MethodOrderer;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test ;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestMethodOrder;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Order ;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.TestEntityManager;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import demo.LoizBootSpringDemoApplication;
import demo.crepository.UserRepositoryInterface;
import demo.dmodel.User;
import demo.helper.helperUtils;

//Test de la couche de persistence
//@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { LoizBootSpringDemoApplication.class})
@TestMethodOrder(MethodOrderer.OrderAnnotation.class)
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
public class LoizPersistenceTest 
{
    
    @Autowired
    private TestEntityManager testEntityManager;

    @Autowired
    private UserRepositoryInterface repository; 

    private static Long idStub ;
    
    @Test
    @Order(1)
    @Rollback(false)
    @DisplayName("Test de sauvegarde d\'un user \"prenom21 Nom21\"")    
    public void saveShouldMapCorrectly() throws Exception {
        
        User userStub = new User("prenom21", "Nom21");                       
        
        User UserSaved = this.testEntityManager.persistFlushFind(userStub);
        
        BDDAssertions.then(UserSaved.getId()).isNotNull();                    
        idStub = UserSaved.getId() ;
        
        User UserRead = this.testEntityManager.find(User.class, idStub) ;       
        
        BDDAssertions.then(UserSaved.getFirstName()).isNotBlank();
        BDDAssertions.then(UserSaved.getFirstName()).isEqualToIgnoringCase("prenom21");
        

        BDDAssertions.then(UserSaved.getLastName()).isEqualToIgnoringCase("Nom21");
        BDDAssertions.then(UserSaved.getLastName()).isNotBlank();
    }

    @Test
    @Order(2) 
    @DisplayName("Test d'existence du user \"prenom21 Nom21\"") 
    public void readShouldMapCorrectly() throws Exception {
        User userStub = new User(idStub, "prenom21", "Nom21");          
        User userFetched  = this.testEntityManager.find(User.class, idStub) ;
        
        String sUserStub = userStub.toString() ;        
        String sUserFetched = userFetched.toString() ;      
        
        
        boolean bolSameObject = userStub.equals(userFetched) ;
        
        boolean bolAttrEgalEgal = sUserStub == sUserFetched ;       
        
        boolean bolStringEqual = sUserStub.equals(sUserFetched) ;           
        
        boolean bBeanUtil = helperUtils.haveSamePropertyValues (User.class,userStub,userFetched) ;
        
                
        Assert.assertTrue(bBeanUtil);
        
    }

}

也许这很正常，但我需要知道什么?我希望得到一些答案:)

Maybe it is normal, but what do i have to know ? I would appreciate some answer please :)

>>>>在此处查看 github 上完整的 Spring Boot 应用程序代码

推荐答案

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) 用于 junit 4 测试.但在我们的例子中，使用的是 Junit 5.这就是我们可以在 pom.xml 文件中看到的内容(使用 junit.jupiter 工件证明了这一点).所以 @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) 对管理 spring 容器没有任何作用.它应该被替换为 @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class).

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) is used for junit 4 test. But in our case, it is Junit 5 that is used. That is what we can see reading at the pom.xml file (using of junit.jupiter artifact proves that). So @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) has no effects to manage spring container. it should be replaced by @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class).

然而:

@DataJpaTest 已经包含"了@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class) !!!所以我们在使用@DataJpaTest时不需要添加@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class).@DataJpaTest 将允许测试 spring 数据存储库层，但也将保证 spring 依赖注入.也就是说，粗略地说，您可以将 @Autowired 注释用于注释为 @DataJpaTest(spring 数据存储库层)的类.

@DataJpaTest already "contains" @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class) !!! So we don't need to add @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class) when @DataJpaTest is used. @DataJpaTest will allow to test spring data repository layer but will also guarantee spring dependency injection. That is to say, and roughly speeking, you can use @Autowired annotation for a class which is annotated @DataJpaTest (a spring data repository layer).

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