如何在 Windows 上使用 C 语言获取当前目录? [英] How to get current directory using C language on Windows?

问题描述

谁能告诉我如何在 Windows 上获取当前目录的路径?

Can anyone tell me how to get the path of the current directory on Windows?

推荐答案

Windows API 函数 GetCurrentDirectory 将为您提供当前进程的当前目录.

The Windows API function GetCurrentDirectory will give you the current directory for the current process.

或者，您可能希望使用函数 getcwd 或 _getcwd，特别是如果您寻求与 Linux 等 POSIX 平台的兼容性.

Alternatively, you may want to use the function getcwd or _getcwd, especially if you seek compatibility with POSIX platforms such as Linux.

以下是使用函数 GetCurrentDirectory 的示例:

Here is an example for using the function GetCurrentDirectory:

#include <windows.h>
#include <assert.h>

int main( void )
{
    TCHAR tszBuffer[MAX_PATH];
    DWORD dwRet;

    dwRet = GetCurrentDirectory( MAX_PATH, tszBuffer );
    assert( dwRet != 0 );

    // The buffer now contains the path of the
    // current directory and can be inspected.
}

MAX_PATH 是在您 #include 时定义的.

TCHAR 只是 char 的 typedef，如果你在 ASCII 模式下编译，或者宽字符 WCHAR 如果你正在编译在 UNICODE 模式下.DWORD 只是 unsigned long 的 typedef.这些 typedef 在您 #include #include 时声明.

TCHAR is just a typedef for char if you are compiling in ASCII mode, or for a wide-character WCHAR if you are compiling in UNICODE mode. DWORD is just a typedef for an unsigned long. These typedefs are declared when you #include <windows.h>.

这是一个使用函数getcwd的例子:

Here is an example for using the function getcwd:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <direct.h>
#include <assert.h>

// Microsoft wants us to use _getcwd instead of getcwd, which breaks POSIX
// compatibility. See the following link for more information:
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7582394/strdup-or-strdup
// Therefore we must disable the compiler warning if we want to use getcwd
// to maintain POSIX compatibility. This is accomplished with the following
// line.
#pragma warning(disable : 4996)

// We can't use the constant MAX_PATH in this program because it is not
// defined. This is because we have not included windows.h. Since MAX_PATH
// has the value 260, we will use that value.
#define BUF_SIZE 260

int main()
{
    char buffer[BUF_SIZE];
    char *p;

    p = getcwd( buffer, BUF_SIZE );
    assert( p != NULL );

    printf( "The current directory is: %s", buffer );
}

与函数 GetCurrentDirectory 不同，函数 getcwd 和 _getcwd 允许您将 NULL 作为缓冲区参数.在这种情况下，它将使用 malloc 为您分配内存并返回指向该内存缓冲区的指针.因此，您必须在完成缓冲区后调用 free，以防止内存泄漏.下面是一个例子:

In contrast to the function GetCurrentDirectory, the functions getcwd and _getcwd allow you to pass NULL as the buffer parameter. In that case, it will allocate the memory for you with malloc and return a pointer to that memory buffer. Therefore, you must call free when you are finished with the buffer, to prevent a memory leak. Here is an example:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <direct.h>
#include <assert.h>

// Microsoft wants us to use _getcwd instead of getcwd, which breaks POSIX
// compatibility. See the following link for more information:
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7582394/strdup-or-strdup
// Therefore we must disable the compiler warning if we want to use getcwd
// to maintain POSIX compatibility. This is accomplished with the following
// line.
#pragma warning(disable : 4996)

int main()
{
    char *p;

    p = getcwd( NULL, 0 );
    assert( p != NULL );

    printf( "The current directory is: %s", p );

    free( p );
}

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