如何使用来自具有多个传感器的 SerialPort 的数据绘制图形 [英] How to plot graphs with data from a SerialPort with multiple sensors

问题描述

我需要绘制来自 pH、温度和湿度传感器的数据，数据作为矩阵从 arduino 通过串行端口发送到 PC.

我可以在 TextBox 中显示数据，但是当我尝试绘制数据时，它不起作用(我不知道该怎么做).

当数据不是矩阵并且它是来自一个传感器的数据时，我只能绘制数据.

使用系统；使用 System.Collections.Generic;使用 System.ComponentModel;使用 System.Data;使用 System.Drawing；使用 System.Linq；使用 System.Text;使用 System.Windows.Forms;使用 System.Threading.Tasks;使用 System.IO.Ports；使用 System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting;命名空间grafik1{公共部分类 Form1 :表单{私有串行端口传感；私人日期时间日期时间；私有字符串数据；私有字符串数据2；公共 Form1(){初始化组件()；Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;}private void Form1_Load(对象发送者，EventArgs e){comboBox1.DataSource = SerialPort.GetPortNames();timer1.Start();}双 rt = 0;布尔值 i = 假；private void timer1_Tick(对象发送者，EventArgs e){rt = rt + 0.1；}private void Form1_FormClosed(对象发送者，FormClosedEventArgs e){sensport.Close();}private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){if (comboBox2.Text == ""){MessageBox.Show("错误");}别的{sensport = new SerialPort();sensport.BaudRate = int.Parse(comboBox2.Text);sensport.PortName = comboBox1.Text;sensport.Parity = Parity.None;sensport.DataBits = 8;sensport.StopBits = StopBits.One;sensport.Handshake = Handshake.None;sensport.DataReceived += sensport_DataReceived;尝试{sensport.Open();textBox1.Text = "";}捕获(异常前){MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "Error");}}}void sensport_DataReceived(对象发送者，SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e){如果(我==假){rt = 0;我 = 真；}数据 = sensport.ReadLine();this.chart1.Series["Data1"].Points.AddXY(rt, data);this.Invoke(new EventHandler(displaydata_event));}private void displaydata_event(对象发送者，EventArgs e){日期时间 = 日期时间.现在；string time = datetime.Day + "/" + datetime.Month + "/" + datetime.Year + "\t" + datetime.Hour + ":" + datetime.Minute + ":" + datetime.Second;txtData.AppendText(时间 + "\t" + 数据 + "\n");}private void button2_Click(对象发送者，EventArgs e){字符串directorio = textBox1.Text;如果(目录=="){MessageBox.Show("错误");}别的 {尝试{字符串 kayıtyeri = @"" + 目录 + "";this.chart1.SaveImage(("+kayityeri+"), ChartImageFormat.Png);MessageBox.Show("Grafica guardada en " + kayıtyeri);}捕获(例外 ex3){MessageBox.Show(ex3.Message, "错误");}}}private void label4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){}private void comboBox1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e){}private void button3_Click(对象发送者，EventArgs e){sensport.Close();}private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){尝试{字符串路径文件 = @"C:\Users\MARIO GONZALEZ\Google Drive\VisualStudio\Arduino0_1\DATA";字符串文件名 = "arduinoRTPv1.xls";System.IO.File.WriteAllText(pathfile + filename, txtData.Text);MessageBox.Show("数据已保存");}捕获(例外 ex3){MessageBox.Show(ex3.Message, "错误");}}private void button5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){}private void chart1_Click(对象发送者，EventArgs e){}}}

解决方案

假设你已经准备好了你的图表，可能是这样的:

 chart1.Series.Clear();chart1.Series.Add("ph");chart1.Series.Add("Temp");chart1.Series.Add("嗡");chart1.Series["ph"].ChartType = SeriesChartType.Line;chart1.Series["Temp"].ChartType = SeriesChartType.Line;chart1.Series["Hum"].ChartType = SeriesChartType.Line;chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY2.Enabled = AxisEnabled.True;chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY2.Title = "Temp";chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY2.Maximum = 100;

现在您可以添加一个包含一些数据块的字符串，如注释中所示..

 字符串数据 = "7.5 23.8 67 \n8.5 23.1 72 \n7.0 25.8 66 \n";

..像这样:

 var dataBlocks = data.Split('\n');foreach(dataBlocks 中的 var 块){var numbers = block.Split(new [] {' '}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);//rt += 某个时间；(*)for (int i = 0; i < numbers.Length; i++){double n = double.NaN;bool ok = double.TryParse(numbers[i], out n);if (ok) chart1.Series[i].Points.AddXY(rt, n);别的{int p = chart1.Series[i].Points.AddXY(rt, 0);chart1.Series[i].Points[p].IsEmpty = true;Console.WriteLine("一些错误信息..");}}}

我稍微修改了数据以更好地显示更改..

• 请注意，我省略了计时器 rt 的计数，这就是图表显示带有索引 x 值的点的原因.对于真正的实时情节，请在此处包含它 (*)！

如果您不断添加数据，您的图表很快就会变得非常拥挤.

然后，您要么必须从一开始就删除旧数据，要么至少设置最小和最大 x 值以将显示限制为合理数量的数据点和/或打开缩放！

请参阅

I need to plot data from sensors of pH, Temperature and Humidity, the data is sent as a matrix from arduino to PC through the serial port.

I can show the data in a TextBox, but when I try to plot the data, it doesn't work (I don't know how to do it).

I just can plot the data when is not a matrix and it's data from just one sensor.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting;

namespace grafik1
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
{
    private SerialPort sensport;
    private DateTime datetime;
    private string data;
    private string data2;

    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();

        Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;

    }

    private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        comboBox1.DataSource = SerialPort.GetPortNames();
        timer1.Start();  

    }

    double rt = 0;
    Boolean i = false;
    private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        rt = rt + 0.1;
    }

    private void Form1_FormClosed(object sender, FormClosedEventArgs e)
    {
        sensport.Close();
    }

    private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

        if (comboBox2.Text == "")
        {
            MessageBox.Show("Error");
        }

        else
        {
            sensport = new SerialPort();
            sensport.BaudRate = int.Parse(comboBox2.Text);
            sensport.PortName = comboBox1.Text;
            sensport.Parity = Parity.None;
            sensport.DataBits = 8;
            sensport.StopBits = StopBits.One;
            sensport.Handshake = Handshake.None; 
            sensport.DataReceived += sensport_DataReceived;

            try
            {
                sensport.Open();
                textBox1.Text = "";
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "Error");
            }
        }

    }

    void sensport_DataReceived(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
    {
        if (i == false)
        {
            rt = 0;
            i = true;
        }

        data = sensport.ReadLine(); 

        this.chart1.Series["Data1"].Points.AddXY(rt, data);


        this.Invoke(new EventHandler(displaydata_event));
    }

    private void displaydata_event(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        datetime = DateTime.Now;
        string time = datetime.Day + "/" + datetime.Month + "/" + datetime.Year + "\t" + datetime.Hour + ":" + datetime.Minute + ":" + datetime.Second;
        txtData.AppendText(time + "\t" + data + "\n");
    }

    private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        string directorio = textBox1.Text;

        if (directorio == "")
        {
            MessageBox.Show("Error");
        }

        else {
            try
            {

                string kayıtyeri = @"" + directorio + ""; 
                this.chart1.SaveImage(("+kayityeri+"), ChartImageFormat.Png); 

                MessageBox.Show("Grafica guardada en " + kayıtyeri);
            }
            catch (Exception ex3)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex3.Message, "Error");
            }

        }

    }

    private void label4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

    }

    private void comboBox1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

    }

    private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        sensport.Close();

    }

    private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

        try
        {
            string pathfile = @"C:\Users\MARIO GONZALEZ\Google Drive\VisualStudio\Arduino0_1\DATA";
            string filename = "arduinoRTPv1.xls";
            System.IO.File.WriteAllText(pathfile + filename, txtData.Text);
            MessageBox.Show("Data saved");
        }
        catch (Exception ex3)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(ex3.Message, "Error");
        }
    }

    private void button5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {


    }

    private void chart1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

    }



}
}

解决方案

Let's assume you have prepared your chart, maybe like this:

    chart1.Series.Clear();
    chart1.Series.Add("ph");
    chart1.Series.Add("Temp");
    chart1.Series.Add("Hum");
    chart1.Series["ph"].ChartType = SeriesChartType.Line;
    chart1.Series["Temp"].ChartType = SeriesChartType.Line;
    chart1.Series["Hum"].ChartType = SeriesChartType.Line;
    chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY2.Enabled = AxisEnabled.True;
    chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY2.Title = "Temp";
    chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY2.Maximum = 100;

Now you can add a string that contains some data blocks as shown in the comments..

     string data =  "7.5 23.8 67 \n8.5 23.1 72 \n7.0 25.8 66 \n";

..like this:

    var dataBlocks = data.Split('\n');

    foreach (var block in dataBlocks)
    {
        var numbers = block.Split(new [] {' '}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
        // rt += someTime; (*)
        for (int i = 0; i < numbers.Length; i++)
        {
            double n = double.NaN;
            bool ok = double.TryParse(numbers[i], out n);
            if (ok) chart1.Series[i].Points.AddXY(rt, n);
            else
            {
                int p = chart1.Series[i].Points.AddXY(rt, 0);
                chart1.Series[i].Points[p].IsEmpty = true;
                Console.WriteLine("some error message..");
            }
        }
    }

I have modified the data a little to show the changes a little better..

• Note that I left out the counting up of your timer rt, which is why the chart shows the points with indexed x-values. For a real realtime plot do include it maybe here (*) !

If you keep adding data your chart will soon get rather crowded.

You will then either have to remove older data from the beginning or at least set a minimum and maximum x-values to restrict the display to a reasonably number of data points and or turn on zooming!

See here here and here for some examples and discussions of these things!

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