argparse 中的命名参数 [英] named argument in argparse

问题描述

我想按名称(类似于 kwargs)将参数发送到脚本.我试过这样的事情，但它没有做我想要的:(假设它是用 script.py 编写的)

I want to send arguments to script by their name (something like kwargs). I tried something like this but it's not doing what I want: (let's say it's written in script.py)

import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("name")
args = parser.parse_args()

然后在命令行中写入:script.py name = david

and then writing in commant line: script.py name = david

另一件事，假设我在 argparse 中几乎没有命名参数，如果我不按照它们声明的顺序发送它们，它还能正常工作吗?

another thing, let's say I have few named argument in argparse If I will send them not in the order they are declared will it still work well?

推荐答案

上述问题包含一些误解，或者我有一个很大的误解.

The question as stated contains a bit of a misunderstanding, or I have a big one.

*keyword 和 **keyword 用于将参数/内容传递给 python 代码中的类/函数/方法.

*keyword and **keyword are for passing parameters/stuff to classes/functions/methods INSIDE the python code.

argparse 用于从外部/命令行将参数/选项传递到 python 程序中.所以你不会得到它的 1 对 1 复制.然而 argparse 是相当可配置的，并且取决于你想如何去做，你可以接近.

argparse is used to pass arguments/options into the python program from outside/the commandline. So you're not going to get a 1 for 1 replication of it. However argparse is pretty configurable, and depending on how you want to do it you can come close.

如果你只想传递一个名字，那么:

If you only want to pass one name, then:

import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("name")
args = parser.parse_args()

print args

会让你:

$ ./pytest.py dave
Namespace(name='dave')

如果您想设置名称以便您也可以发送其他内容:

If you want to set name so you can send other stuff as well:

parser.add_argument("-name")

会让你:

./pytest.py -name dave
Namespace(name='dave')

但请注意:

 ./pytest.py -name dave -name steve
 Namespace(name='steve')

然而:

parser.add_argument("--name")

将让/要求:

./pytest.py --name dave
Namespace(name='dave')

./pytest.py --name=dave
Namespace(name='dave')

如果你:

parser.add_argument("--name", nargs="+")

./pytest.py --name dave steve murphy
Namespace(name=['dave', 'steve', 'murphy'])

但是:

 ./pytest.py --name=dave --name=steve --name=murphy      
 Namespace(name=   ['murphy'])

(注意最后一个是一个只有墨菲的列表.)

(note that that last one is a list with only murphy in it.)

所以你可以做的是:

parser.add_argument("--name")
parser.add_argument("--email")
parser.add_argument("--hair-color")

./pytest.py --name fred --hair-color murphy --email [e-mail]
Namespace(email='[e-mail]', hair_color='murphy', name='fred')

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