Python:从 DataFrame 中的两列创建结构化的 numpy 结构化数组 [英] Python: Create structured numpy structured array from two columns in a DataFrame

问题描述

如何从 DataFrame 中的两列创建结构化数组?我试过这个:

How do you create a structured array from two columns in a DataFrame? I tried this:

df = pd.DataFrame(data=[[1,2],[10,20]], columns=['a','b'])
df

    a   b
0   1   2
1   10  20

x = np.array([([val for val in list(df['a'])],
               [val for val in list(df['b'])])])

但这给了我这个:

array([[[ 1, 10],
        [ 2, 20]]])

但我想要这个:

[(1,2),(10,20)]

谢谢！

推荐答案

有几种方法.与常规 NumPy 数组相比，您可能会遇到性能和功能方面的损失.

There are a couple of methods. You may experience a loss in performance and functionality relative to regular NumPy arrays.

您可以使用pd.DataFrame.to_records 和 index=False.从技术上讲，这是一个记录数组，但对于许多目的这就足够了.

You can use pd.DataFrame.to_records with index=False. Technically, this is a record array, but for many purposes this will be sufficient.

res1 = df.to_records(index=False)

print(res1)

rec.array([(1, 2), (10, 20)], 
          dtype=[('a', '<i8'), ('b', '<i8')])

结构化数组

手动，您可以通过按行转换为 tuple 来构造结构化数组，然后为 dtype 参数指定一个元组列表.

structured array

Manually, you can construct a structured array via conversion to tuple by row, then specifying a list of tuples for the dtype parameter.

s = df.dtypes
res2 = np.array([tuple(x) for x in df.values], dtype=list(zip(s.index, s)))

print(res2)

array([(1, 2), (10, 20)], 
      dtype=[('a', '<i8'), ('b', '<i8')])

有什么区别?

很少.recarray 是常规 NumPy 数组类型 ndarray 的子类.另一方面，第二个例子中的结构化数组是 ndarray 类型.

Very little. recarray is a subclass of ndarray, the regular NumPy array type. On the other hand, the structured array in the second example is of type ndarray.

type(res1)                    # numpy.recarray
isinstance(res1, np.ndarray)  # True
type(res2)                    # numpy.ndarray

主要区别是记录数组便于属性查找，而结构化数组会产生AttributeError:

The main difference is record arrays facilitate attribute lookup, while structured arrays will yield AttributeError:

print(res1.a)
array([ 1, 10], dtype=int64)

print(res2.a)
AttributeError: 'numpy.ndarray' object has no attribute 'a'

相关:NumPy记录数组"或结构化数组"或记录数组"

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