在javascript中扩展Array对象的方法 [英] Ways to extend Array object in javascript

问题描述

我尝试使用一些用户友好的方法(例如 Array.Add() 而不是 Array.push() 等)在 javascript 中扩展 Array 对象...

i try to extend Array object in javascript with some user friendly methods like Array.Add() instead Array.push() etc...

我实现了 3 种方法来做到这一点.不幸的是，第三种方式不起作用，我想问一下为什么?以及如何做到这一点.

i implement 3 ways to do this. unfortunetly the 3rd way is not working and i want to ask why? and how to do it work.

//------------- 1st way
Array.prototype.Add=function(element){
     this.push(element);
};

var list1 = new Array();
list1.Add("Hello world");
alert(list1[0]);

//------------- 2nd way
function Array2 () {
    //some other properties and methods
};

Array2.prototype = new Array;
Array2.prototype.Add = function(element){
  this.push(element);  
};

var list2 = new Array2;
list2.Add(123);
alert(list2[0]);

//------------- 3rd way
function Array3 () {
    this.prototype = new Array;
    this.Add = function(element){
      this.push(element);  
    };
};

var list3 = new Array3;
list3.Add(456);  //push is not a function
alert(list3[0]); // undefined

在第三种方式中，我想在内部扩展 Array 对象 Array3 类.如何做到这一点才不会出现推送不是函数"和未定义"?

in 3rd way i want to extend the Array object internally Array3 class. How to do this so not to get "push is not a function" and "undefined"?

这里我添加了第四种方式.

Here i add a 4th way.

//------------- 4th way
function Array4 () {
    //some other properties and methods
    this.Add = function(element){
        this.push(element);
    };
 };
Array4.prototype = new Array();

var list4 = new Array4();
list4.Add(789);
alert(list4[0]);

这里我又必须使用原型.我希望避免在类构造函数之外使用额外的行作为 Array4.prototype.我想要一个紧凑的定义类，所有部分都集中在一个地方.但我想我不能这样做.

Here again i have to use prototype. I hoped to avoid to use extra lines outside class constructor as Array4.prototype. I wanted to have a compact defined class with all pieces in one place. But i think i cant do it otherwise.

推荐答案

方法名应该小写.不应在构造函数中修改原型.

Method names should be lowercase. Prototype should not be modified in the constructor.

function Array3() { };
Array3.prototype = new Array;
Array3.prototype.add = Array3.prototype.push

在 CoffeeScript 中

in CoffeeScript

class Array3 extends Array
   add: (item)->
     @push(item) 

如果您不喜欢这种语法，并且必须从构造函数中扩展它，您唯一的选择是:

If you don't like that syntax, and you HAVE to extend it from within the constructor, Your only option is:

// define this once somewhere
// you can also change this to accept multiple arguments 
function extend(x, y){
    for(var key in y) {
        if (y.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
            x[key] = y[key];
        }
    }
    return x;
}


function Array3() { 
   extend(this, Array.prototype);
   extend(this, {
      Add: function(item) {
        return this.push(item)
      }

   });
};

你也可以这样做

ArrayExtenstions = {
   Add: function() {

   }
}
extend(ArrayExtenstions, Array.prototype);



function Array3() { }
Array3.prototype = ArrayExtenstions;

在过去，'prototype.js' 曾经有一个 Class.create 方法.你可以把所有这些都包装成这样的方法

In olden days, 'prototype.js' used to have a Class.create method. You could wrap all this is a method like that

var Array3 = Class.create(Array, {
    construct: function() {

    },    
    Add: function() {

    }
});

有关此以及如何实现的更多信息，请查看prototype.js 源代码

For more info on this and how to implement, look in the prototype.js source code

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