如何在 Android Studio 1.1 中运行简单的 JUnit4 测试? [英] How to run a simple JUnit4 test in Android Studio 1.1?

问题描述

我有一个显示Hello World"的 Android 项目.它是从 Android Studio 的Blank Activity"模板创建的.

I have an Android project that shows "Hello World". It was created from the "Blank Activity" template from Android Studio.

然后我在我的应用程序包(与我的活动相同的包)中添加/创建一个新的 java 类.我称之为Shape并添加一个简单的构造函数

I then add/create a new java class in my application package (the same package that has my activity). I call it Shape and add a simple constructor

public class Shape {
    public Shape(int i){
        if (i==0){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cant have 0");
        }
    }
}

太好了.现在我有一个根本不涉及 Android 的类，我想对其进行单元测试.接下来我该怎么办?

Great. Now I have a class that isn't touching Android at all, and I want to unit test it. What should I do next?

我的问题到此为止.下面我将介绍我的尝试.

1. 在 Shape.java 中，我转到导航">测试"
2. 按回车键选择创建新测试"
3. 获取此弹出窗口，然后选择 JUNIT4.

1. 然后我点击了修复按钮来修复未找到的库
2. 我收到了这个弹出窗口

1. 我不确定要选择什么，所以我选择了默认/突出显示.

2. 我写我的测试

1. I'm not really sure what to select, so I select the default/highlighted.

2. I write my test

package com.eghdk.getjunit4towork;

import org.junit.Test;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

public class ShapeTest {
    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
    public void testShapeWithInvalidArg() {
        new Shape(0);
    }
}

此时，我不确定如何运行我的测试，但尝试这样做:

At this point, I'm not really sure how to run my tests, but try to do this:

我在运行时遇到这些错误

I get these errors when running

错误:(3, 17) Gradle: 错误: 包 org.junit 不存在
错误:(5, 24) Gradle:错误:包 org.junit 不存在
错误:(8, 6) Gradle:错误:找不到符号类测试

Error:(3, 17) Gradle: error: package org.junit does not exist
Error:(5, 24) Gradle: error: package org.junit does not exist
Error:(8, 6) Gradle: error: cannot find symbol class Test

推荐答案

从 Android Studio 1.1 开始，就有(实验性的)单元测试支持.来自该页面的几句话:

Since Android Studio 1.1, there is (experimental) unit test support. A couple of quotes from that page:

您必须在 build.gradle 中指定测试依赖项你的 android 模块的文件.例如:

You will have to specify your testing dependencies in the build.gradle file of your android module. For example:

dependencies {
  testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
  testCompile "org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.5"
}

要在 AS 中使用单元测试支持，您必须执行以下步骤:

To use unit testing support in AS, you have to do the following steps:

1. 更新 build.gradle 以使用 1.1.0-rc1 或更高版本的 android gradle 插件(手动在 build.gradle 文件中或在文件 > 项目结构的 UI 中)

1. Update build.gradle to use the android gradle plugin version 1.1.0-rc1 or later (either manually in build.gradle file or in the UI in File > Project Structure)

向 app/build.gradle 添加必要的测试依赖项(见上文).

Add necessary testing dependencies to app/build.gradle (see above).

在设置">Gradle">实验性"中启用单元测试功能.

Enable the unit testing feature in Settings > Gradle > Experimental.

同步您的项目.

打开构建变体"工具窗口(在左侧)并将测试工件更改为单元测试".

Open the "Build variants" tool window (on the left) and change the test artifact to "Unit tests".

为您的测试源代码创建一个目录，即 src/test/java.您可以从命令行或使用项目工具窗口中的项目视图.新目录应该是此时以绿色突出显示.注:测试源名称目录由 gradle 插件根据约定确定.

Create a directory for your testing source code, i.e. src/test/java. You can do this from the command line or using the Project view in the Project tool window. The new directory should be highlighted in green at this point. Note: names of the test source directories are determined by the gradle plugin based on a convention.

重要的是要知道有两种测试类型:androidTest 和普通的 test.

It is important to know that there are two test types: androidTest and plain test.

• androidTest 主要用于在模拟器或设备上运行的测试，例如仪器测试.在命令行中，您使用 ./gradlew connectedCheck 来运行这些.
• test 用于您不想在设备上运行的测试，例如您编写的单元测试.您运行 ./gradlew test 来运行这些测试.

• androidTest is primarily for tests you run on an emulator or device, such as instrumentation tests. From the command line, you use ./gradlew connectedCheck to run these.
• test is for tests you don't want to run on a device, such as the unit test you wrote. You run ./gradlew test to run these tests.

如引用所述，您可以通过更改测试工件在 Android Studio 中的 androidTest 和 test 之间切换.

As stated in the quote, you switch between androidTest and test in Android Studio by changing the test artifact.

当然，最好不要在设备或模拟器上运行测试，因为这会大大加快测试过程.借助新的实验性单元测试支持，您无需使用设备即可访问存根 Android API.这让您可以将更多测试从 androidTest 移动到 test.

Naturally, it is preferred to not run tests on a device or emulator, since this speeds up the testing process a lot. With the new experimental unit test support, you gain access to stubbed Android API's without using a device. This lets you move more tests from androidTest to test.

这篇关于如何在 Android Studio 1.1 中运行简单的 JUnit4 测试?的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！