如何在 Python 中为 3d 球体的各个部分着色 [英] How do I color individual sections of a 3d sphere in Python

问题描述

我使用下面的代码使用 Mathplotlib 在 python 中创建了一个球体的 3d 图

I have created a 3d plot of a sphere in python using Mathplotlib using the code below

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import cm

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

u = np.linspace(0,2*np.pi, 32)
v = np.linspace(0, np.pi, 16)

x = 10 * np.outer(np.cos(u), np.sin(v))
y = 10 * np.outer(np.sin(u), np.sin(v))
z = 10 * np.outer(np.ones(np.size(u)), np.cos(v))

ax.plot_surface(x, y, z, rstride=4, cstride=4, color='b')


plt.show()

剧情图:-

我想为每个单独的盒子涂上不同的颜色.我曾尝试使用颜色图，但我只能根据 z 值更改颜色.

I would like to color each individual box a different color. I have tried to use a color map, but I was only able to change the color based on the z value with this.

任何建议将不胜感激.我愿意使用其他工具或语言来完成此任务，但我需要相同大小的框.

Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated. I am open to using other tools or languages to accomplish this task, but I need the boxes to be the same size.

推荐答案

@Armatita 的解决方案非常优雅，特别是如果您有映射功能.我赞成它:).任意形状的另一种解决方案可以使用 Poly3DCollection 来完成.现在您可以导入实际数据，并且表面可以在空间中任意设置，而不必连接.

@Armatita's solution is very elegant, especially if you have a mapping function. I upvoted it :). Another solution for arbitrary shapes can be done with Poly3DCollection. Now you could import actual data and the surfaces could be arbitray in space and wouldn't have to connect.

为了比较，我使用了相同的球体.我根据您在下面的评论编辑了答案，将颜色指定为两个角度的函数.

For comparison, however I used the same sphere. I edited the answer to assign the color as a function of the two angles based on your comments below.

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d import Poly3DCollection
import numpy as np

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')

r=1 # radius of sphere
phi = np.linspace(0,360, 12)/180.0*np.pi
theta = np.linspace(-90,90,7)/180.0*np.pi

# make up some function  like OP (original poster) suggested:
# numerical value in the range of 20-40.
vars=[]
for i  in range(len(phi)-1):
    for j in range(len(theta)-1):
        vars.append( (i*j* - i +j)/25+40)  # min at 20, max at 40

# set colors as function of data in vars        
# less than 25 as red, from 25-35 as yellow 
# and anything greater than 35 as green. –        
cols=[]
for var in vars:
    if var <25: 
        col='r'
    elif 25<=var<=35:
        col='y'
    else:
        col='g'
    cols.append(col)

verts2 = []
for i  in range(len(phi)-1):
    for j in range(len(theta)-1):
        cp0= r*np.cos(phi[i])
        cp1= r*np.cos(phi[i+1])
        sp0= r*np.sin(phi[i])
        sp1= r*np.sin(phi[i+1])

        ct0= np.cos(theta[j])
        ct1= np.cos(theta[j+1])

        st0= r*np.sin(theta[j])
        st1= r*np.sin(theta[j+1])

        verts=[]
        verts.append((cp0*ct0, sp0*ct0, st0))
        verts.append((cp1*ct0, sp1*ct0, st0))
        verts.append((cp1*ct1, sp1*ct1, st1))
        verts.append((cp0*ct1, sp0*ct1, st1))
        verts2.append(verts   )

poly3= Poly3DCollection(verts2 ,facecolor= cols)  

poly3.set_alpha(0.9)
ax.add_collection3d(poly3)
ax.set_xlabel('X')
ax.set_xlim3d(-1, 1)
ax.set_ylabel('Y')
ax.set_ylim3d(-1, 1)
ax.set_zlabel('Z')
ax.set_zlim3d(-1, 1)
plt.show()

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