辅助功能:推荐用于 SVG 和 MathML 的替代文本约定? [英] Accessibility: recommended alt-text convention for SVG and MathML?

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本文介绍了辅助功能:推荐用于 SVG 和 MathML 的替代文本约定?的处理方法,对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧!

问题描述

概述

HTML5 现在允许 带有 HTML 文档的标记,不依赖于外部命名空间(体面的概述 此处).两者都有自己的 alt 属性类似物(见下文),如今的屏幕阅读器软件有效地忽略了这些类似物.因此,盲人用户无法访问这些元素.

是否有计划为这些新元素实施标准的替代文本约定?我已经搜索了文档并且已经干了!

更多详情

关于 SVG: SVG 的替代文本可以被视为根 titledesc 标签的内容.

<title>图片标题</title><desc>这是较长的图像描述</desc>...</svg>

我找到了 one 屏幕阅读器,它可以这样读取,但这是标准吗?以前的方法插入SVG也有可访问性问题,因为 标签被屏幕阅读器处理不一致.

关于 MathML: MathML 的替代文本应存储在 alttext 属性.

...</数学>

由于屏幕阅读器似乎不承认这一点,数学渲染库MathJax 将文本插入<运行时的 code>aria-label 属性.

<span aria-label="[alttext contents]">...</span>

不幸的是,NVDA、JAWS 和其他公司也不能可靠地读取这些标签.(更多关于 WAI-ARIA)

关于两者:在很大程度上不受支持的 ARIA 属性方面缺乏成功,我尝试使用 title 属性.在这些外来"HTML 元素上,这些似乎也被忽略了.

总结

我正在寻找一种推荐的方法来在这些新的 HTML 元素上放置替代文本,这不仅仅是一个快速的技巧.也许我忽略了 W3C 规范?还是现在还为时过早?

解决方案

经过一番挖掘,我找到了一些官方建议.不幸的是,大多数在这个时间点都不起作用.在 Math 和 SVG 被视为可访问之前,浏览器和屏幕阅读器都有很多需要实现,但事情正在开始查找.

免责声明:以下建议是我在过去几个月的编码过程中收集到的.如果有什么不对劲,请告诉我.随着浏览器和 AT 软件的发展,我会尽量保持最新.

数学语言

推荐

在周围的 div 标签上使用 role="math"aria-label(参见 文档).tabindex="0" 的添加允许屏幕阅读器专门关注这个元素;此元素的 aria-label 可以使用特殊的快捷键(例如 NVDA+Tab)朗读.

<div role="math" tabindex="0" aria-label="[口语等效项]"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">...</数学>

限制/注意事项

  • aria-label 的粗略屏幕阅读器支持(不太重要的是 role="math").
    更新: 相关关于 aria-label 的 NVDA 门票 此处这里.
  • 包装在 divspan 标签中似乎没有必要,因为 math 是一个 HTML5 中的一流元素.
  • 我发现很少引用 MathML alttext 标签.
    更新:这似乎是一个 DAISY 特定添加,描述 这里.

参考资料

SVG

推荐

使用顶级 </code> 和 <code><desc></code> 标签以及 <code>role="img"</code> 和 <code>aria-label</code> 在根 SVG 标签上.</p><pre><code><svg role="img" aria-label="[title + description]"><title>[title]</title><desc>[详细说明]</desc>...</svg></code></pre><p><strong>限制/注意事项</strong></p><ul><li>截至 2011 年 2 月,IE 9 测试版读取<strong>所有</strong> <code><title></code> 和 <code><desc></code> 标签,这可能是不可取的.但是,当元素还包含 <code>role="img"</code> 时,NVDA、JAWS 和 WindowEyes 将读取 <code>aria-label</code>.</li><li>如果加载一个 SVG 文件(也就是说,不是内嵌在 HTML 中),根级 <code><title></code> 标签将成为浏览器页面的标题,<em>将</em>由屏幕阅读器阅读.</li></ul><p><strong>参考资料</strong></p><ul><li><a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-svg/2010Oct/0029.html" rel="noreferrer">http://lists.w3.org/Archives/public/www-svg/2010Oct/0029.html</a></li><li><a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-html/2010Jun/0127.html" rel="noreferrer">http://lists.w3.org/Archives/public/public-html/2010Jun/0127.html</a></li><li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/roles#img" rel="noreferrer">http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/角色#img</a></li><li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/roles#namecalculation" rel="noreferrer">http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/角色#namecalculation</a></li></ul><p><strong>Overview</strong></p> <p>HTML5 <a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/markup/syntax.html#svg-mathml" rel="noreferrer">now allows</a> <code><svg></code> and <code><math></code> markup with an HTML document without depending on external namespaces (decent overview <a href="http://www.sanbeiji.com/archives/1243" rel="noreferrer">here</a>). Both have their own <code>alt</code>-attribute analogs (see below) which are effectively ignored by today's screen-reader software. Thus, these elements are inaccessible to blind users.</p> <p><strong>Are there plans to implement a standard alt-text convention for these new elements?</strong> I've scoured the docs and have come up dry!</p> <p><strong>Futher Details</strong></p> <p><em>Regarding SVG:</em> an SVG's alternate text could be considered the contents of the root <code>title</code> or <code>desc</code> tag.</p><pre><code><svg> <title>An image title</title> <desc>This is the longer image description</desc> ... </svg> </code></pre><p>I've found <a href="http://www.screenreader.net/" rel="noreferrer">one</a> screen-reader which reads it as such, but is this standard? <a href="http://www.carto.net/papers/svg/samples/svg_html.shtml" rel="noreferrer">Previous methods</a> of inserting SVG also had accessibility issues since <code><object></code> tags are treatedly inconsistently by screen-readers.</p> <p><em>Regarding MathML:</em> MathML's alternate text should be stored in the <a href="http://www.daisy.org/z3986/structure/SG-DAISY3/part2-math.html#math_examp1e1" rel="noreferrer"><code>alttext</code> attribute</a>.</p><pre><code><math alttext="A squared plus B squared equals C squared"> ... </math> </code></pre><p>Since screen readers do not seem to acknowledge this, the math-rendering library <a href="http://www.mathjax.org/" rel="noreferrer">MathJax</a> inserts text into an <code>aria-label</code> attribute at run-time.</p><pre><code><span aria-label="[alttext contents]">...</span> </code></pre><p>Unfortunately NVDA, JAWS, and others do not reliably read these labels yet either. (More on <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/" rel="noreferrer">WAI-ARIA</a>)</p> <p><em>Regarding both:</em> lacking success with the largely-unsupported ARIA attributes, I tried using <code>title</code> attributes. These also seem to be ignored on these "foreign" HTML elements.</p> <p><strong>Wrap-Up</strong></p> <p>More than a quick hack, I'm looking for the <em>recommended way</em> to place alternate-text on these new HTML elements. Perhaps there is a W3C spec I'm overlooking? Or is it still just too early in the game?</p><div class="h2_lin"> 解决方案 </div><p>After some digging, I found some somewhat official recommendations. Unfortunately, most are not functional at this point in time. Both the browsers and the screen readers have a lot of to implement before Math and SVG can be considered accessible, but things <em>are</em> starting to look up.</p> <p><em>Disclaimer: the below recommendations are what I have gleaned over the past few months of coding. If something is dead wrong, please let me know. I will try to keep this up to date as browsers and AT software progresses.</em></p> <h2>MathML</h2> <p><strong>Recommendation</strong></p> <p>Use <code>role="math"</code> along with an <code>aria-label</code> on a surrounding <code>div</code> tag (see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/roles#math" rel="noreferrer">docs</a>). The addition of <code>tabindex="0"</code> allows screen readers to focus specifically on this element; this element's <code>aria-label</code> can be spoken using a special key shortcut (such as <code>NVDA+Tab</code>).</p><pre><code><div role="math" tabindex="0" aria-label="[spoken equivalent]"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> ... </math> </div> </code></pre><p><strong>Limitations/Considerations</strong></p> <ul> <li>Sketchy screen reader support on <code>aria-label</code> (and less importantly <code>role="math"</code>).<br/><strong>Update:</strong> Relevant NVDA tickets regarding <code>aria-label</code> <a href="http://www.nvda-project.org/ticket/1354" rel="noreferrer">here</a> and <a href="http://www.nvda-project.org/ticket/1362" rel="noreferrer">here</a>.</li> <li>Wrapping in <code>div</code> or <code>span</code> tag seems unnecessary since <code>math</code> is a <a href="http://dev.w3.org/html5/html4-differences/#mathml-svg" rel="noreferrer">first-class element</a> in HTML5.</li> <li>I found very little referencing the MathML <code>alttext</code> tag.<br/><strong>Update:</strong> this appears to be a <a href="http://daisy.org" rel="noreferrer">DAISY</a>-specific addition, described <a href="http://www.daisy.org/z3986/structure/SG-DAISY3/part2-math.html" rel="noreferrer">here</a>.</li> </ul> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/roles#math" rel="noreferrer">http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/roles#math</a></li> <li><a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-pfwg-comments/2008JanMar/0008.html" rel="noreferrer">http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-pfwg-comments/2008JanMar/0008.html</a> </li> <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-practices/#math" rel="noreferrer">http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-practices/#math</a></li> </ul> <h2><strong>SVG</strong></h2> <p><strong>Recommendation</strong></p> <p>Use top-level <code><title></code> and <code><desc></code> tags together with <code>role="img"</code> and <code>aria-label</code> on the root SVG tag.</p><pre><code><svg role="img" aria-label="[title + description]"> <title>[title]</title> <desc>[long description]</desc> ... </svg> </code></pre><p><strong>Limitations/Considerations</strong></p> <ul> <li>As of February 2011, IE 9 beta reads <strong>all</strong> <code><title></code> and <code><desc></code> tags, which is probably undesirable. However, NVDA, JAWS, and WindowEyes will read the <code>aria-label</code> when the element also contains <code>role="img"</code>.</li> <li>If loading an SVG file (that is, not inline in HTML), the root-level <code><title></code> tag will become the browser page's title, which <em>will</em> be read by the screen reader.</li> </ul> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-svg/2010Oct/0029.html" rel="noreferrer">http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-svg/2010Oct/0029.html</a></li> <li><a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-html/2010Jun/0127.html" rel="noreferrer">http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-html/2010Jun/0127.html</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/roles#img" rel="noreferrer">http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/roles#img</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/roles#namecalculation" rel="noreferrer">http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/roles#namecalculation</a></li> </ul> <p>这篇关于辅助功能:推荐用于 SVG 和 MathML 的替代文本约定?的文章就介绍到这了,希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持IT屋!</p> </div> <div class="arc-body-main-more"> <span onclick="unlockarc('2611892');">查看全文</span> </div> </div> <div> </div> <div class="wwads-cn wwads-horizontal" data-id="166" style="max-width:100%;border: 4px solid #666;"></div> </div> </article> <div id="arc-ad-2" class="mb-1"> <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-5038752844014834" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-format="autorelaxed" data-ad-client="ca-pub-5038752844014834" data-ad-slot="3921941283"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); 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