AWS EFS 与 EBS 与 S3(区别和何时使用?) [英] AWS EFS vs EBS vs S3 (differences & when to use?)

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问题描述

根据这个问题的标题,AWS EFS、EBS 和 S3 之间的实际区别是什么?

As per the title of this question, what are the practical differences between AWS EFS, EBS and S3?

我对每一个的理解:

  • S3 是一个可以在任何地方访问的存储设施
  • EBS 是一种可以挂载到 EC2 上的设备
  • EFS 是一个可以挂载到 EC2 上的文件系统

那么为什么我要使用 EBS 而不是 EFS?似乎它们具有相同的用例但语义差异很小?尽管 EFS 是跨可用区复制的,而 EBS 只是一个已安装的设备.我想我对 EBS 缺乏了解,因此我无法区分.

So why would I use EBS over EFS? Seem like they have the same use cases but minor semantic differences? Although EFS is replicated across AZs where as EBS is just a mounted device. I guess my understanding of EBS is lacking hence I'm unable to distinguish.

为什么选择 S3 而不是 EFS?它们都存储文件、扩展和复制.我想对于 S3,您必须使用 SDK,而 EFS 是一个文件系统,您可以使用您选择的编程语言的标准 I/O 方法来创建文件.但这是唯一真正的区别吗?

Why choose S3 over EFS? They both store files, scale and are replicated. I guess with S3 you have to use the SDK where as with EFS being a file system you can you standard I/O methods from your programming language of choice to create files. But is that the only real difference?

推荐答案

一句话回答:MONEY :D

One word answer: MONEY :D

在 US-East-1 中存储 1 GB:(更新于 2016.dec.20)

1 GB to store in US-East-1: (Updated at 2016.dec.20)

  • 冰川:0.004 美元/月(注:2016 年大幅降价)
  • S3:$0.023/月
  • S3-IA(2015.09 公布):0.0125 美元/月(+0.01 美元/演出检索费)
  • EBS:0.045-0.1 美元/月(取决于速度 - SSD 与否)+ IOPS 成本
  • EFS:0.3 美元/月

更多存储选项,可用于在处理数据时/之前临时存储数据:

Further storage options, which may be used for temporary storing data while/before processing it:

  • 社交网络
  • SQS
  • Kinesis 流
  • DynamoDB、SimpleDB

以上费用仅为样品.可能因地区而异,并且随时可能发生变化.数据传输(到互联网)也有额外的费用.但是,它们显示了服务价格之间的比率.

The costs above are just samples. There can be differences by region, and it can change at any point. Also there are extra costs for data transfer (out to the internet). However they show a ratio between the prices of the services.

这些服务之间还有很多不同之处:

There are a lot more differences between these services:

EFS 是:

  • 全面可用 (超出预览版),但可能尚未在您所在的地区可用
  • 网络文件系统(这意味着它可能有更大的延迟,但它可以在多个实例之间共享;甚至在区域之间)
  • 与 EBS 相比,它价格昂贵(约高出 10 倍),但它提供了额外的功能.
  • 这是一项高度可用的服务.
  • 这是一项托管服务
  • 您可以将 EFS 存储附加到 EC2 实例
  • 可以被多个 EC2 实例同时访问
  • 自 2016.dec.20 起,可以将您的 EFS 存储直接附加到 通过直接连接的本地服务器. ()
  • Generally Available (out of preview), but may not yet be available in your region
  • Network filesystem (that means it may have bigger latency but it can be shared across several instances; even between regions)
  • It is expensive compared to EBS (~10x more) but it gives extra features.
  • It's a highly available service.
  • It's a managed service
  • You can attach the EFS storage to an EC2 Instance
  • Can be accessed by multiple EC2 instances simultaneously
  • Since 2016.dec.20 it's possible to attach your EFS storage directly to on-premise servers via Direct Connect. ()

EBS 是:

  • 块存储(因此您需要对其进行格式化).这意味着您可以选择所需的文件系统类型.
  • 由于它是块存储,因此您可以将 Raid 1(或 0 或 10)与多个块存储一起使用
  • 真的很快
  • 相对便宜
  • 根据 Amazon 的新公告,您可以在 SSD-s 上存储每个存储多达 16TB 的数据.
  • 出于备份原因,您可以对 EBS 进行快照(当它仍在运行时)
  • 但它只存在于特定地区.虽然你可以将它迁移到另一个区域,但你不能只是跨区域访问它(只有通过 EC2 共享它;但这意味着你有一个文件服务器)
  • 您需要一个 EC2 实例将其附加到
  • 新功能 (2017.Feb.15):您现在可以在使用卷时增加卷大小、调整性能或更改卷类型.您可以在更改生效期间继续使用您的应用程序.
  • A block storage (so you need to format it). This means you are able to choose which type of file system you want.
  • As it's a block storage, you can use Raid 1 (or 0 or 10) with multiple block storages
  • It is really fast
  • It is relatively cheap
  • With the new announcements from Amazon, you can store up to 16TB data per storage on SSD-s.
  • You can snapshot an EBS (while it's still running) for backup reasons
  • But it only exists in a particular region. Although you can migrate it to another region, you cannot just access it across regions (only if you share it via the EC2; but that means you have a file server)
  • You need an EC2 instance to attach it to
  • New feature (2017.Feb.15): You can now increase volume size, adjust performance, or change the volume type while the volume is in use. You can continue to use your application while the change takes effect.

S3 是:

  • 对象存储(不是文件系统).
  • 您可以存储文件和文件夹",但不能像使用传统文件系统那样拥有锁、权限等
  • 这意味着,默认情况下,您不能只挂载 S3 并将其用作您的网络服务器
  • 但它非常适合为您的网站存储图像和视频
  • 非常适合短期存档(例如几周).它也适合长期存档,但 Glacier 更具成本效益.
  • 非常适合存储日志
  • 您可以访问每个地区的数据(可能会产生额外费用)
  • 高可用、冗余.基本上不可能丢失数据(99.999999999% 持久性,99.9 正常运行时间 SLA)
  • 比 EBS 便宜得多.
  • 您可以将内容直接提供给互联网,您甚至可以拥有一个直接从 S3 运行的完整(静态)网站,无需 EC2 实例

冰川是:

  • 长期归档存储
  • 存储非常便宜
  • 检索可能非常昂贵
  • 读回"您的数据最多需要 4 小时(因此只存储您知道很长时间不需要检索的项目)

正如 JDL 的评论中提到的,在定价方面有几个有趣的方面.例如 Glacier、S3、EFS 根据您的使用情况为您分配存储,而在 EBS 中,您需要预先定义分配的存储.这意味着,您需要高估.(但是,向 EBS 卷添加更多存储很容易,这需要一些工程设计,这意味着您总是多付"EBS 存储,这使得它变得更加昂贵.)

As it got mentioned in JDL's comment, there are several interesting aspects in terms of pricing. For example Glacier, S3, EFS allocates the storage for you based on your usage, while at EBS you need to predefine the allocated storage. Which means, you need to over estimate. ( However it's easy to add more storage to your EBS volumes, it requires some engineering, which means you always "overpay" your EBS storage, which makes it even more expensive.)

来源:AWS 存储更新 – 新的低成本 S3 存储选项 &冰川降价

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