从 C++ 函数返回多个值 [英] Returning multiple values from a C++ function

问题描述

是否有从 C++ 函数返回多个值的首选方法?例如，假设一个函数将两个整数相除并返回商和余数.我经常看到的一种方法是使用引用参数:

Is there a preferred way to return multiple values from a C++ function? For example, imagine a function that divides two integers and returns both the quotient and the remainder. One way I commonly see is to use reference parameters:

void divide(int dividend, int divisor, int& quotient, int& remainder);

一种变体是返回一个值并通过引用参数传递另一个值:

A variation is to return one value and pass the other through a reference parameter:

int divide(int dividend, int divisor, int& remainder);

另一种方法是声明一个结构体来包含所有结果并返回:

Another way would be to declare a struct to contain all of the results and return that:

struct divide_result {
    int quotient;
    int remainder;
};

divide_result divide(int dividend, int divisor);

通常首选这些方式之一，还是有其他建议?

Is one of these ways generally preferred, or are there other suggestions?

在现实世界的代码中，可能会有两个以上的结果.它们也可能是不同的类型.

In the real-world code, there may be more than two results. They may also be of different types.

推荐答案

为了返回两个值，我使用了 std::pair(通常是 typedef'd).您应该查看 boost::tuple(在 C++11 和更新版本中，有 std::tuple)以获得两个以上的返回结果.

For returning two values I use a std::pair (usually typedef'd). You should look at boost::tuple (in C++11 and newer, there's std::tuple) for more than two return results.

随着 C++ 17 中结构化绑定的引入，返回 std::tuple 应该成为公认的标准.

With introduction of structured binding in C++ 17, returning std::tuple should probably become accepted standard.

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