如何让 Python 的 ElementTree 漂亮地打印到 XML 文件? [英] How do I get Python's ElementTree to pretty print to an XML file?

问题描述

我正在使用 SQLite 访问数据库并检索所需的信息.我在 Python 2.6 版中使用 ElementTree 来创建包含该信息的 XML 文件.

I am using SQLite to access a database and retrieve the desired information. I'm using ElementTree in Python version 2.6 to create an XML file with that information.

import sqlite3
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

# NOTE: Omitted code where I acccess the database,
# pull data, and add elements to the tree

tree = ET.ElementTree(root)

# Pretty printing to Python shell for testing purposes
from xml.dom import minidom
print minidom.parseString(ET.tostring(root)).toprettyxml(indent = "   ")

#######  Here lies my problem  #######
tree.write("New_Database.xml")

尝试

我尝试使用 tree.write("New_Database.xml", "utf-8") 代替上面的最后一行代码，但它没有编辑 XML 的布局全部 - 它仍然是一团糟.

Attempts

I've tried using tree.write("New_Database.xml", "utf-8") in place of the last line of code above, but it did not edit the XML's layout at all - it's still a jumbled mess.

我也决定摆弄并尝试做:
tree = minidom.parseString(ET.tostring(root)).toprettyxml(indent = " ")
而不是将其打印到 Python shell，这会给出错误 AttributeError: 'unicode' 对象没有属性 'write'.

I also decided to fiddle around and tried doing:
tree = minidom.parseString(ET.tostring(root)).toprettyxml(indent = " ")
instead of printing this to the Python shell, which gives the error AttributeError: 'unicode' object has no attribute 'write'.

当我将树写入最后一行的 XML 文件时，有没有办法像打印到 Python shell 一样漂亮地打印到 XML 文件?

When I write my tree to an XML file on the last line, is there a way to pretty print to the XML file as it does to the Python shell?

我可以在这里使用 toprettyxml() 还是有不同的方法来做到这一点?

Can I use toprettyxml() here or is there a different way to do this?

推荐答案

无论您的 XML 字符串是什么，您都可以通过打开一个文件来将其写入您选择的文件中，并将该字符串写入文件.

Whatever your XML string is, you can write it to the file of your choice by opening a file for writing and writing the string to the file.

from xml.dom import minidom

xmlstr = minidom.parseString(ET.tostring(root)).toprettyxml(indent="   ")
with open("New_Database.xml", "w") as f:
    f.write(xmlstr)

存在一种可能的复杂性，尤其是在 Python 2 中，它对字符串中的 Unicode 字符既不那么严格，也不那么复杂.如果您的 toprettyxml 方法返回一个 Unicode 字符串 (u"something")，那么您可能希望将其转换为合适的文件编码，例如 UTF-8.例如.将一行写入替换为:

There is one possible complication, especially in Python 2, which is both less strict and less sophisticated about Unicode characters in strings. If your toprettyxml method hands back a Unicode string (u"something"), then you may want to cast it to a suitable file encoding, such as UTF-8. E.g. replace the one write line with:

f.write(xmlstr.encode('utf-8'))

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