在 VBA (Excel) 中获取时区信息 [英] Get Timezone Information in VBA (Excel)

问题描述

我想在 VBA 中确定不同国家/地区的 GMT/UTC(包括夏令时)的时间偏移量.有任何想法吗?

I would like to determine a time offset to GMT/UTC (including daylight saving time) for different countries at a specific date in VBA. Any ideas?

编辑(来自自我回答):

EDIT (from self-answer):

谢谢0xA3.我快速阅读了链接页面.我假设您只能获得运行 Windows 的本地 GMT 的偏移量:

Thank you 0xA3. I quickly read-over the linked page. I assume that you can only get the offset to GMT for the local where windows is running:

ConvertLocalToGMT    
DaylightTime  
GetLocalTimeFromGMT          
LocalOffsetFromGMT
SystemTimeToVBTime
LocalOffsetFromGMT

在 Java 中，您可以执行以下操作:

In Java you can do the following:

TimeZone bucharestTimeZone = TimeZone.getTimeZone("Europe/Bucharest");
    bucharestTimeZone.getOffset(new Date().getTime());

Calendar nowInBucharest = Calendar.getInstance(TimeZone.getTimeZone("Europe/Bucharest"));
    nowInBucharest.setTime(new Date());
    System.out.println("Bucharest: " + nowInBucharest.get(Calendar.HOUR) + ":" + nowInBucharest.get(Calendar.MINUTE));

这意味着我可以获得不同国家(时区)的偏移量，因此我也可以获得实际时间，比如在布加勒斯特.我可以在 VBA 中执行此操作吗?

This means I can get the offset for different countries (timezones) and I thus can also get the actual time lets say in bucharest. Can I do this in VBA?

推荐答案

VBA 不提供执行此操作的函数，但 Windows API 提供.幸运的是，您也可以使用 VBA 中的所有这些功能.这个页面描述了如何做:时区和;夏令时

VBA doesn't offer functions to do that, but the Windows API does. Luckily you can use all those functionality from VBA as well. This page describes how to do it: Time Zones & Daylight Savings Time

添加代码

为了后人的缘故，我添加了 Guru Chip 页面中的完整代码，可在 32 位 Office VBA 中使用.(64 位修改此处)

For the posterity sake, I've added the complete code from Guru Chip's page, as usable in 32-bit Office VBA. (64-bit modification here)

Option Explicit
Option Compare Text
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
' modTimeZones
' By Chip Pearson, used with permission from www.cpearson.com
' Date: 2-April-2008
' Page Specific URL: www.cpearson.com/Excel/TimeZoneAndDaylightTime.aspx
'
' This module contains functions related to time zones and GMT times.
'   Terms:
'   -------------------------
'   GMT = Greenwich Mean Time. Many applications use the term
'       UTC (Universal Coordinated Time). GMT and UTC are
'       interchangable in meaning,
'   Local Time = The local "wall clock" time of day, that time that
'       you would set a clock to.
'   DST = Daylight Savings Time

'   Functions In This Module:
'   -------------------------
'       ConvertLocalToGMT
'           Converts a local time to GMT. Optionally adjusts for DST.
'       DaylightTime
'           Returns a value indicating (1) DST is in effect, (2) DST is
'           not in effect, or (3) Windows cannot determine whether DST is
'           in effect.
'       GetLocalTimeFromGMT
'           Converts a GMT Time to a Local Time, optionally adjusting for DST.
'       LocalOffsetFromGMT
'           Returns the number of hours/minutes between the local time &GMT,
'           optionally adjusting for DST.
'       SystemTimeToVBTime
'           Converts a SYSTEMTIME structure to a valid VB/VBA date.
'       LocalOffsetFromGMT
'           Returns the number of minutes or hours that are to be added to
'           the local time to get GMT. Optionally adjusts for DST.
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

' Required Types
Private Type SYSTEMTIME
    wYear As Integer
    wMonth As Integer
    wDayOfWeek As Integer
    wDay As Integer
    wHour As Integer
    wMinute As Integer
    wSecond As Integer
    wMilliseconds As Integer
End Type

Private Type TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION
    Bias As Long
    StandardName(0 To 31) As Integer
    StandardDate As SYSTEMTIME
    StandardBias As Long
    DaylightName(0 To 31) As Integer
    DaylightDate As SYSTEMTIME
    DaylightBias As Long
End Type

Public Enum TIME_ZONE
    TIME_ZONE_ID_INVALID = 0
    TIME_ZONE_STANDARD = 1
    TIME_ZONE_DAYLIGHT = 2
End Enum

' Required Windows API Declares
Private Declare Function GetTimeZoneInformation Lib "kernel32" _
    (lpTimeZoneInformation As TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION) As Long

Private Declare Sub GetSystemTime Lib "kernel32" _
    (lpSystemTime As SYSTEMTIME)

Function ConvertLocalToGMT(Optional LocalTime As Date, _
    Optional AdjustForDST As Boolean = False) As Date
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
' ConvertLocalToGMT
' This converts a local time to GMT. If LocalTime is present, that local
' time is converted to GMT. If LocalTime is omitted, the current time is
' converted from local to GMT. If AdjustForDST is Fasle, no adjustments
' are made to accomodate DST. If AdjustForDST is True, and DST is
' in effect, the time is adjusted for DST by adding
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
    Dim T As Date
    Dim TZI As TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION
    Dim DST As TIME_ZONE
    Dim GMT As Date

    If LocalTime <= 0 Then
        T = Now
    Else
        T = LocalTime
    End If
    DST = GetTimeZoneInformation(TZI)
    If AdjustForDST = True Then
        GMT = T + TimeSerial(0, TZI.Bias, 0) + _
                IIf(DST=TIME_ZONE_DAYLIGHT,TimeSerial(0, TZI.DaylightBias,0),0)
    Else
        GMT = T + TimeSerial(0, TZI.Bias, 0)
    End If
    ConvertLocalToGMT = GMT
End Function

Function GetLocalTimeFromGMT(Optional StartTime As Date) As Date
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
' GetLocalTimeFromGMT
' This returns the Local Time from a GMT time. If StartDate is present and
' greater than 0, it is assumed to be the GMT from which we will calculate
' Local Time. If StartTime is 0 or omitted, it is assumed to be the GMT
' local time.
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
    Dim GMT As Date
    Dim TZI As TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION
    Dim DST As TIME_ZONE
    Dim LocalTime As Date

    If StartTime <= 0 Then
        GMT = Now
    Else
        GMT = StartTime
    End If
    DST = GetTimeZoneInformation(TZI)
    LocalTime = GMT - TimeSerial(0, TZI.Bias, 0) + _
            IIf(DST = TIME_ZONE_DAYLIGHT, TimeSerial(1, 0, 0), 0)
    GetLocalTimeFromGMT = LocalTime
End Function

Function SystemTimeToVBTime(SysTime As SYSTEMTIME) As Date
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
' SystemTimeToVBTime
' This converts a SYSTEMTIME structure to a VB/VBA date value.
' It assumes SysTime is valid -- no error checking is done.
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
    With SysTime
        SystemTimeToVBTime = DateSerial(.wYear, .wMonth, .wDay) + _
                TimeSerial(.wHour, .wMinute, .wSecond)
    End With
End Function

Function LocalOffsetFromGMT(Optional AsHours As Boolean = False, _
    Optional AdjustForDST As Boolean = False) As Long
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
' LocalOffsetFromGMT
' This returns the amount of time in minutes (if AsHours is omitted or
' false) or hours (if AsHours is True) that should be added to the
' local time to get GMT. If AdjustForDST is missing or false,
' the unmodified difference is returned. (e.g., Kansas City to London
' is 6 hours normally, 5 hours during DST. If AdjustForDST is False,
' the resultif 6 hours. If AdjustForDST is True, the result is 5 hours
' if DST is in effect.)
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
    Dim TBias As Long
    Dim TZI As TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION
    Dim DST As TIME_ZONE
    DST = GetTimeZoneInformation(TZI)

    If DST = TIME_ZONE_DAYLIGHT Then
        If AdjustForDST = True Then
            TBias = TZI.Bias + TZI.DaylightBias
        Else
            TBias = TZI.Bias
        End If
    Else
        TBias = TZI.Bias
    End If
    If AsHours = True Then
        TBias = TBias / 60
    End If

    LocalOffsetFromGMT = TBias
End Function

Function DaylightTime() As TIME_ZONE
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
' DaylightTime
' Returns a value indicating whether the current date is
' in Daylight Time, Standard Time, or that Windows cannot
' deterimine the time status. The result is a member or
' the TIME_ZONE enum.
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
    Dim TZI As TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION
    Dim DST As TIME_ZONE
    DST = GetTimeZoneInformation(TZI)
    DaylightTime = DST
End Function

这篇关于在 VBA (Excel) 中获取时区信息的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！