如何通过“主机名"在 Docker 容器之间进行通信 [英] How to communicate between Docker containers via "hostname"

问题描述

我计划将我的单体服务器拆分成许多小型 docker 容器，但还没有找到一个很好的容器间通信"解决方案.这是我的目标场景:

I plan to split my monolthic server up into many small docker containers but haven't found a good solution for "inter-container communication" yet. This is my target scenario:

我知道如何将容器链接在一起以及如何公开端口，但这些解决方案都没有让我满意.

I know how to link containers together and how to expose ports, but none of these solutions are satisfying to me.

是否有任何解决方案可以像在传统服务器网络中那样通过主机名(容器名称)在容器之间进行通信?

推荐答案

在 Docker 1.9 之后，docker network 命令(见下文 https://stackoverflow.com/a/35184695/977939) 是实现此目的的推荐方法.

After Docker 1.9, the docker network command (see below https://stackoverflow.com/a/35184695/977939) is the recommended way to achieve this.

我的解决方案是在主机上设置一个 dnsmasq 来自动更新 DNS 记录:A"记录具有容器的名称并自动指向容器的 IP 地址(每 10 秒).自动更新脚本<​​/a>粘贴在这里:

My solution is to set up a dnsmasq on the host to have DNS record automatically updated: "A" records have the names of containers and point to the IP addresses of the containers automatically (every 10 sec). The automatic updating script is pasted here:

#!/bin/bash

# 10 seconds interval time by default
INTERVAL=${INTERVAL:-10}

# dnsmasq config directory
DNSMASQ_CONFIG=${DNSMASQ_CONFIG:-.}

# commands used in this script
DOCKER=${DOCKER:-docker}
SLEEP=${SLEEP:-sleep}
TAIL=${TAIL:-tail}

declare -A service_map

while true
do
    changed=false
    while read line
    do
        name=${line##* }
        ip=$(${DOCKER} inspect --format '{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' $name)
        if [ -z ${service_map[$name]} ] || [ ${service_map[$name]} != $ip ] # IP addr changed
        then
            service_map[$name]=$ip
            # write to file
            echo $name has a new IP Address $ip >&2
            echo "host-record=$name,$ip"  > "${DNSMASQ_CONFIG}/docker-$name"
            changed=true
        fi
    done < <(${DOCKER} ps | ${TAIL} -n +2)

    # a change of IP address occured, restart dnsmasq
    if [ $changed = true ]
    then
        systemctl restart dnsmasq
    fi

    ${SLEEP} $INTERVAL
done

确保您的 dnsmasq 服务在 docker0 上可用.然后，使用 --dns HOST_ADDRESS 启动您的容器以使用此迷你 dns 服务.

Make sure your dnsmasq service is available on docker0. Then, start your container with --dns HOST_ADDRESS to use this mini dns service.

参考:http://docs.blowb.org/setup-host/dnsmasq.html

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