C/C++ 结构与类 [英] C/C++ Struct vs Class

问题描述

在完成我的 C++ 课程后，在我看来，结构/类几乎完全相同，只有一些细微的差异.

After finishing my C++ class it seemed to me the structs/classes are virtually identical except with a few minor differences.

我以前从未用 C 编程过；但我知道它有结构.在C中是否可以继承其他结构并设置public/private的修饰符?

I've never programmed in C before; but I do know that it has structs. In C is it possible to inherit other structs and set a modifier of public/private?

如果您可以在常规 C 中执行此操作，为什么我们还需要 C++?什么使类与结构不同?

If you can do this in regular C why in the world do we need C++? What makes classes different from a struct?

推荐答案

在 C++ 中，结构和类几乎相同；唯一的区别是类中的访问修饰符(用于成员变量、方法和基类)默认为 private，而结构中的访问修饰符默认为 public.

In C++, structs and classes are pretty much the same; the only difference is that where access modifiers (for member variables, methods, and base classes) in classes default to private, access modifiers in structs default to public.

然而，在 C 中，结构体只是(公共)数据的聚合集合，没有其他类似类的特性:没有方法、没有构造函数、没有基类等.虽然C++继承了关键字，扩展了语义.(然而，这就是为什么结构体默认为 public 的原因——像 C 结构体一样编写的结构体的行为也很相似.)

However, in C, a struct is just an aggregate collection of (public) data, and has no other class-like features: no methods, no constructor, no base classes, etc. Although C++ inherited the keyword, it extended the semantics. (This, however, is why things default to public in structs—a struct written like a C struct behaves like one.)

虽然可以在 C 中伪造一些 OOP—例如，定义函数，这些函数都将指向结构的指针作为它们的第一个参数，或者偶尔强制结构具有相同的前几个字段子类/超类"——它总是被附加的，并不是语言的真正组成部分.

While it's possible to fake some OOP in C—for instance, defining functions which all take a pointer to a struct as their first parameter, or occasionally coercing structs with the same first few fields to be "sub/superclasses"—it's always sort of bolted on, and isn't really part of the language.

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