检查点 keras 模型:TypeError:无法pickle _thread.lock 对象 [英] Checkpointing keras model: TypeError: can't pickle _thread.lock objects

问题描述

过去似乎在不同的上下文中发生了错误这里，但是我没有直接转储模型——我正在使用 ModelCheckpoint 回调.知道可能出了什么问题吗?

It seems like the error has occurred in the past in different contexts here, but I'm not dumping the model directly -- I'm using the ModelCheckpoint callback. Any idea what could be going wrong?

信息:

• Keras 2.0.8 版
• TensorFlow 1.3.0 版
• Python 3.6

重现错误的最小示例:

from keras.layers import Input, Lambda, Dense
from keras.models import Model
from keras.callbacks import ModelCheckpoint
from keras.optimizers import Adam
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np

x = Input(shape=(30,3))
low = tf.constant(np.random.rand(30, 3).astype('float32'))
high = tf.constant(1 + np.random.rand(30, 3).astype('float32'))
clipped_out_position = Lambda(lambda x, low, high: tf.clip_by_value(x, low, high),
                                      arguments={'low': low, 'high': high})(x)

model = Model(inputs=x, outputs=[clipped_out_position])
optimizer = Adam(lr=.1)
model.compile(optimizer=optimizer, loss="mean_squared_error")
checkpoint = ModelCheckpoint("debug.hdf", monitor="val_loss", verbose=1, save_best_only=True, mode="min")
training_callbacks = [checkpoint]
model.fit(np.random.rand(100, 30, 3), [np.random.rand(100, 30, 3)], callbacks=training_callbacks, epochs=50, batch_size=10, validation_split=0.33)

错误输出:

Train on 67 samples, validate on 33 samples
Epoch 1/50
10/67 [===>..........................] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.1627Epoch 00001: val_loss improved from inf to 0.17002, saving model to debug.hdf
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "debug_multitask_inverter.py", line 19, in <module>
    model.fit(np.random.rand(100, 30, 3), [np.random.rand(100, 30, 3)], callbacks=training_callbacks, epochs=50, batch_size=10, validation_split=0.33)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/site-packages/keras/engine/training.py", line 1631, in fit

▽
    validation_steps=validation_steps)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/site-packages/keras/engine/training.py", line 1233, in _fit_loop
    callbacks.on_epoch_end(epoch, epoch_logs)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/site-packages/keras/callbacks.py", line 73, in on_epoch_end
    callback.on_epoch_end(epoch, logs)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/site-packages/keras/callbacks.py", line 414, in on_epoch_end
    self.model.save(filepath, overwrite=True)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/site-packages/keras/engine/topology.py", line 2556, in save
    save_model(self, filepath, overwrite, include_optimizer)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/site-packages/keras/models.py", line 107, in save_model
    'config': model.get_config()
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/site-packages/keras/engine/topology.py", line 2397, in get_config
    return copy.deepcopy(config)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 150, in deepcopy
    y = copier(x, memo)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 240, in _deepcopy_dict
    y[deepcopy(key, memo)] = deepcopy(value, memo)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 150, in deepcopy
    y = copier(x, memo)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 215, in _deepcopy_list
    append(deepcopy(a, memo))
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 150, in deepcopy
    y = copier(x, memo)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 240, in _deepcopy_dict
    y[deepcopy(key, memo)] = deepcopy(value, memo)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 150, in deepcopy
    y = copier(x, memo)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 240, in _deepcopy_dict
    y[deepcopy(key, memo)] = deepcopy(value, memo)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 150, in deepcopy
    y = copier(x, memo)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 240, in _deepcopy_dict
    y[deepcopy(key, memo)] = deepcopy(value, memo)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 180, in deepcopy
    y = _reconstruct(x, memo, *rv)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 280, in _reconstruct
    state = deepcopy(state, memo)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 150, in deepcopy
    y = copier(x, memo)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 240, in _deepcopy_dict
    y[deepcopy(key, memo)] = deepcopy(value, memo)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 180, in deepcopy
    y = _reconstruct(x, memo, *rv)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 280, in _reconstruct
    state = deepcopy(state, memo)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 150, in deepcopy
    y = copier(x, memo)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 240, in _deepcopy_dict
    y[deepcopy(key, memo)] = deepcopy(value, memo)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 180, in deepcopy
    y = _reconstruct(x, memo, *rv)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 280, in _reconstruct
    state = deepcopy(state, memo)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 150, in deepcopy
    y = copier(x, memo)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 240, in _deepcopy_dict
    y[deepcopy(key, memo)] = deepcopy(value, memo)
  File "/om/user/lnj/openmind_env/tensorflow-gpu/lib/python3.6/copy.py", line 169, in deepcopy
    rv = reductor(4)
TypeError: can't pickle _thread.lock objects

推荐答案

当保存一个 Lambda 层时，传入的 arguments 也会被保存.在这种情况下，它包含两个 tf.Tensors.Keras 目前似乎不支持在模型配置中序列化 tf.Tensor.

When saving a Lambda layer, the arguments passed in will also be saved. In this case, it contains two tf.Tensors. It seems that Keras does not support serializing tf.Tensor in the model config right now.

然而，numpy 数组可以毫无问题地序列化.因此，不是在 arguments 中传递 tf.Tensor，您可以传入 numpy 数组，并将它们转换为 lambda 函数中的 tf.Tensors.

However, numpy arrays can be serialized without problem. So instead of passing tf.Tensor in arguments, you can pass in numpy arrays, and convert them into tf.Tensors in the lambda function.

x = Input(shape=(30,3))
low = np.random.rand(30, 3)
high = 1 + np.random.rand(30, 3)
clipped_out_position = Lambda(lambda x, low, high: tf.clip_by_value(x, tf.constant(low, dtype='float32'), tf.constant(high, dtype='float32')),
                              arguments={'low': low, 'high': high})(x)

上面几行的一个问题是，在尝试加载此模型时，您可能会看到 NameError: name 'tf' is not defined.那是因为在重构Lambda层的文件(core.py)中没有导入TensorFlow.

A problem with the lines above is that, when trying to load this model, you might see a NameError: name 'tf' is not defined. That's because TensorFlow is not imported in the file where the Lambda layer is reconstructed (core.py).

将tf 改为K.tf 即可解决问题.您也可以将 tf.constant() 替换为 K.constant()，将 low 和 high 转换为自动 float32 张量.

Changing tf into K.tf can fix the problem. Also you can replace tf.constant() by K.constant(), which casts low and high into float32 tensors automatically.

from keras import backend as K
x = Input(shape=(30,3))
low = np.random.rand(30, 3)
high = 1 + np.random.rand(30, 3)
clipped_out_position = Lambda(lambda x, low, high: K.tf.clip_by_value(x, K.constant(low), K.constant(high)),
                              arguments={'low': low, 'high': high})(x)

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