使用 bash 循环重命名多个文件 [英] Renaming multiples files with a bash loop

问题描述

我要重命名45个文件，不想一一做.这些是文件名:

I need to rename 45 files, and I don't want to do it one by one. These are the file names:

chr10.fasta         chr13_random.fasta  chr17.fasta         chr1.fasta          chr22_random.fasta  chr4_random.fasta  chr7_random.fasta  chrX.fasta
chr10_random.fasta  chr14.fasta         chr17_random.fasta  chr1_random.fasta   chr2.fasta          chr5.fasta         chr8.fasta         chrX_random.fasta
chr11.fasta         chr15.fasta         chr18.fasta         chr20.fasta         chr2_random.fasta   chr5_random.fasta  chr8_random.fasta  chrY.fasta
chr11_random.fasta  chr15_random.fasta  chr18_random.fasta  chr21.fasta         chr3.fasta          chr6.fasta         chr9.fasta         
chr12.fasta         chr16.fasta         chr19.fasta         chr21_random.fasta  chr3_random.fasta   chr6_random.fasta  chr9_random.fasta
chr13.fasta         chr16_random.fasta  chr19_random.fasta  chr22.fasta         chr4.fasta          chr7.fasta         chrM.fasta

我需要将扩展​​名.fasta"更改为.fa".我正在尝试编写一个 bash 脚本来做到这一点:

I need to change the extension ".fasta" to ".fa". I'm trying to write a bash script to do it:

for i in $(ls chr*)

do

NEWNAME = `echo $i | sed 's/sta//g'`

mv $i $NEWNAME

done

但它不起作用.你能告诉我原因吗，或者给出另一个快速解决方案?

But it doesn't work. Can you tell me why, or give another quick solution?

谢谢！

推荐答案

这里有几个错误:

• NEWNAME = 应该没有空格.这里 bash 正在寻找一个名为 NEWNAME 的命令，但它失败了.
• 你解析 ls 的输出.如果您有带空格的文件，这很糟糕.Bash 可以使用 glob 运算符 * 为自己构建一个文件列表.
• 您不会转义 "$i" 和 "$NEWNAME".如果它们中的任何一个包含空格，它将为 mv 提供两个参数.
• 如果文件名以破折号开头，mv 会认为它是一个开关.使用 -- 停止参数处理.

• NEWNAME = should be without space. Here bash is looking for a command named NEWNAME and that fails.
• you parse the output of ls. this is bad if you had files with spaces. Bash can build itself a list of files with the glob operator *.
• You don't escape "$i" and "$NEWNAME". If any of them contains a space it makes two arguments for mv.
• If a file name begins with a dash mv will believe it is a switch. Use -- to stop argument processing.

试试:

for i in chr*
do
  mv -- "$i" "${i/%.fasta/.fa}"
done

或

for i in chr*
do
  NEWNAME="${i/%.fasta/.fa}"
  mv -- "$i" "$NEWNAME"
done

"%{var/%pat/replacement}" 查找 pat 仅在变量的末尾 并将其替换为替换.

The "%{var/%pat/replacement}" looks for pat only at the end of the variable and replaces it with replacement.

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