如何在 pyqt 中嵌入 matplotlib - 对于傻瓜 [英] How to embed matplotlib in pyqt - for Dummies
问题描述
我目前正在尝试将要绘制的图形嵌入到我设计的 pyqt4 用户界面中.因为我对编程几乎完全陌生 - 我不明白人们如何在我发现的示例中嵌入 - 这个(在底部) 和那个.
I am currently trying to embed a graph I want to plot in a pyqt4 user interface I designed. As I am almost completely new to programming - I do not get how people did the embedding in the examples I found - this one (at the bottom) and that one.
如果有人可以发布一步一步的解释或者至少是一个非常小的、非常简单的代码,只会创建例如一个 pyqt4 GUI 中的图形和按钮.
It would be awesome if anybody could post a step-by-step explanation or at least a very small, very simple code only creating e.g. a graph and a button in one pyqt4 GUI.
推荐答案
其实没那么复杂.相关的 Qt 小部件在 matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg
中.FigureCanvasQTAgg
和 NavigationToolbar2QT
通常是您所需要的.这些是常规的 Qt 小部件.您将它们视为任何其他小部件.下面是一个非常简单的示例,其中包含一个 Figure
、Navigation
和一个绘制一些随机数据的按钮.我添加了注释来解释事情.
It is not that complicated actually. Relevant Qt widgets are in matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg
. FigureCanvasQTAgg
and NavigationToolbar2QT
are usually what you need. These are regular Qt widgets. You treat them as any other widget. Below is a very simple example with a Figure
, Navigation
and a single button that draws some random data. I've added comments to explain things.
import sys
from PyQt4 import QtGui
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import random
class Window(QtGui.QDialog):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(Window, self).__init__(parent)
# a figure instance to plot on
self.figure = Figure()
# this is the Canvas Widget that displays the `figure`
# it takes the `figure` instance as a parameter to __init__
self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.figure)
# this is the Navigation widget
# it takes the Canvas widget and a parent
self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self)
# Just some button connected to `plot` method
self.button = QtGui.QPushButton('Plot')
self.button.clicked.connect(self.plot)
# set the layout
layout = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()
layout.addWidget(self.toolbar)
layout.addWidget(self.canvas)
layout.addWidget(self.button)
self.setLayout(layout)
def plot(self):
''' plot some random stuff '''
# random data
data = [random.random() for i in range(10)]
# create an axis
ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111)
# discards the old graph
ax.clear()
# plot data
ax.plot(data, '*-')
# refresh canvas
self.canvas.draw()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
main = Window()
main.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
编辑:
更新以反映评论和 API 更改.
Updated to reflect comments and API changes.
NavigationToolbar2QTAgg
更改为NavigationToolbar2QT
- 直接导入
Figure
而不是pyplot
- 将不推荐使用的
ax.hold(False)
替换为ax.clear()
NavigationToolbar2QTAgg
changed withNavigationToolbar2QT
- Directly import
Figure
instead ofpyplot
- Replace deprecated
ax.hold(False)
withax.clear()
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