如何更改绘图背景颜色? [英] How to change plot background color?

问题描述

我正在 matplotlib 中制作散点图，需要将实际图的背景更改为黑色.我知道如何使用以下方法更改绘图的面部颜色:

I am making a scatter plot in matplotlib and need to change the background of the actual plot to black. I know how to change the face color of the plot using:

fig = plt.figure()
fig.patch.set_facecolor('xkcd:mint green')

我的问题是这会改变情节周围空间的颜色.如何更改绘图的实际背景颜色?

My issue is that this changes the color of the space around the plot. How to I change the actual background color of the plot?

推荐答案

使用axes对象的set_facecolor(color)方法，您已通过以下方式之一创建:

Use the set_facecolor(color) method of the axes object, which you've created one of the following ways:

• 你一起创建了一个图形和轴

• You created a figure and axis/es together

fig, ax = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=1)

您创建了一个图形，然后创建了轴

You created a figure, then axis/es later

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1) # nrows, ncols, index

您使用了有状态 API(如果您要做的不仅仅是几行代码，并且尤其如果您有多个绘图，上面的面向对象方法会让生活更轻松，因为您可以参考具体图形，在某些轴上绘制，也可以自定义)

You used the stateful API (if you're doing anything more than a few lines, and especially if you have multiple plots, the object-oriented methods above make life easier because you can refer to specific figures, plot on certain axes, and customize either)

plt.plot(...)
ax = plt.gca()

然后就可以使用set_facecolor:

ax.set_facecolor('xkcd:salmon')
ax.set_facecolor((1.0, 0.47, 0.42))

作为颜色可以是什么的复习:

As a refresher for what colors can be:

Matplotlib 识别以下格式来指定颜色:

matplotlib.colors

Matplotlib recognizes the following formats to specify a color:

• [0, 1] 中浮点值的 RGB 或 RGBA 元组(例如，(0.1, 0.2, 0.5) 或 (0.1, 0.2,0.5, 0.3));
• 一个十六进制 RGB 或 RGBA 字符串(例如，'#0F0F0F' 或 '#0F0F0F0F')；
• [0, 1] 中浮点值的字符串表示，包括灰度级(例如，'0.5')；
• {'b', 'g', 'r', 'c', 'm', 'y', 'k', 'w'} 之一;
• 一个 X11/CSS4 颜色名称；
• 来自 xkcd 颜色调查的名称；以 'xkcd:' 为前缀(例如，'xkcd:sky blue')；
• {'tab:blue', 'tab:orange', 'tab:green', 'tab:red', 'tab:purple', 'tab:brown', 'tab:pink' 之一, 'tab:gray', 'tab:olive', 'tab:cyan'} 这是来自T10"分类调色板(这是默认颜色循环)的 Tableau 颜色；
• CN"颜色规范，即C"后跟一个数字，这是默认属性循环的索引(matplotlib.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle'])；索引发生在艺术家创作时，如果循环不包括颜色，则默认为黑色.

• an RGB or RGBA tuple of float values in [0, 1] (e.g., (0.1, 0.2, 0.5) or (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.3));
• a hex RGB or RGBA string (e.g., '#0F0F0F' or '#0F0F0F0F');
• a string representation of a float value in [0, 1] inclusive for gray level (e.g., '0.5');
• one of {'b', 'g', 'r', 'c', 'm', 'y', 'k', 'w'};
• a X11/CSS4 color name;
• a name from the xkcd color survey; prefixed with 'xkcd:' (e.g., 'xkcd:sky blue');
• one of {'tab:blue', 'tab:orange', 'tab:green', 'tab:red', 'tab:purple', 'tab:brown', 'tab:pink', 'tab:gray', 'tab:olive', 'tab:cyan'} which are the Tableau Colors from the ‘T10’ categorical palette (which is the default color cycle);
• a "CN" color spec, i.e. 'C' followed by a single digit, which is an index into the default property cycle (matplotlib.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle']); the indexing occurs at artist creation time and defaults to black if the cycle does not include color.

颜色的所有字符串规范，除CN"外，不区分大小写.

All string specifications of color, other than "CN", are case-insensitive.

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