如何在matplotlib中更改刻度之间的间距? [英] How to change spacing between ticks in matplotlib?

问题描述

我想使用以下代码在 X 轴上绘制一个带有很多刻度的图形:

导入pylabN = 100数据 = pylab.np.linspace(0, N, N)pylab.plot(数据)pylab.xticks(range(N)) # 添加刻度负载pylab.grid()pylab.tight_layout()pylab.show()pylab.close()

结果图如下所示:

如您所见，X 轴一团糟，因为刻度标签之间的空间太小甚至重叠.

我想在每个刻度标签之间自动创建恒定空间，无论有多少刻度.因此，我想增加单个刻度之间的空间，从而可能增加绘图的长度".

注意刻度标签可能是可变长度的字符串.

到目前为止我发现的都是关于

请注意，如果绘图窗口中显示的图形大于屏幕，它会再次缩小，因此调整大小的图形在保存时仅以新尺寸显示.或者，您可以选择将其合并到某个带有滚动条的窗口中，如以下问题所示:Matplotlib 上的滚动条显示页面

I want to plot a graph with a lot of ticks on the X axis using the following code:

import pylab

N = 100
data = pylab.np.linspace(0, N, N)

pylab.plot(data)

pylab.xticks(range(N)) # add loads of ticks
pylab.grid()
pylab.tight_layout()
pylab.show()

pylab.close()

The resulting plot looks like this:

As you can see, the X axis is a mess because the tick labels are plotted with too few space between them or even overlap.

I would like to create constant space between each tick label automatically, no matter how many ticks there are. So, I'd like to increase the space between individual ticks, thus potentially increasing the 'length' of a plot.

Note that the tick labels may be strings of variable length.

What I have found so far is all about spacing between the axis and labels (which is not what I want), tick frequency (which I can already do) and tick parameters (which don't seem to have any options for spacing).

I can change the size of a figure manually with matplotlib.pyplot.figure(figsize=(a, b)), but that would require knowledge of the default spacing between ticks (there's none, as far as I can tell) and the greatest width (in inches) of a tick label, which I have no clue how to measure, so this is not an option, to my mind.

What can I do to increase spacing between ticks? I'm OK with getting a pretty lengthy image.

解决方案

The spacing between ticklabels is exclusively determined by the space between ticks on the axes. Therefore the only way to obtain more space between given ticklabels is to make the axes larger.

In order to determine the space needed for the labels not to overlap, one may find out the largest label and multiply its length by the number of ticklabels. One may then adapt the margin around the axes and set the calculated size as a new figure size.

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

N = 150
data = np.linspace(0, N, N)

plt.plot(data)

plt.xticks(range(N)) # add loads of ticks
plt.grid()

plt.gca().margins(x=0)
plt.gcf().canvas.draw()
tl = plt.gca().get_xticklabels()
maxsize = max([t.get_window_extent().width for t in tl])
m = 0.2 # inch margin
s = maxsize/plt.gcf().dpi*N+2*m
margin = m/plt.gcf().get_size_inches()[0]

plt.gcf().subplots_adjust(left=margin, right=1.-margin)
plt.gcf().set_size_inches(s, plt.gcf().get_size_inches()[1])

plt.savefig(__file__+".png")
plt.show()

Note that if the figure shown in the plotting window is larger than the screen, it will be shrunk again, so the resized figure is only shown in its new size when saved. Or, one may choose to incorporate it in some window with scrollbars as shown in this question: Scrollbar on Matplotlib showing page

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