如何使用“GOPATH"之外的模块在另一个模块中? [英] How to use a module that is outside of "GOPATH" in another module?

问题描述

我已经使用这个命令go mod init database"在database"文件夹中的GOPATH"之外创建了一个库作为个人使用的模块，但我不知道:

I've created a library as the module for personal use outside of "GOPATH" in "database" folder with this command "go mod init database," and I don't know:

• 如何在另一个模块中使用/导入这个模块?

操作系统:Windows 7，转到:v1.11

推荐答案

最简单且开箱即用的解决方案是将您的 database 包/模块放入 VCS(例如 github.com)，所以其他包(在其他模块内)可以简单地通过导入来引用它:

The easiest and working out-of-the-box solution is to put your database package / module into a VCS (e.g. github.com), so other packages (inside other modules) can simply refer to it by importing it like:

import "github.com/someone/database"

如果你这样做，你甚至不必手动摆弄 go.mod 文件，一切都会由 go 工具处理:它会自动识别并解决这个依赖, 下载并安装所需的包，也会自动更新go.mod.

If you do so, you don't even have to fiddle with the go.mod files manually, everything will be taken care of by the go tool: it will automatically recognize and resolve this dependency, download and install the required package, and will also update go.mod automatically.

如果您不想使用 VCS(例如，您只是在尝试或尚未决定使用什么)，那么您仍然可以使用.how 在官方 Go Wiki:我可以在本地文件系统上完全脱离 VCS 工作吗?

If you don't want to use a VCS (e.g. you're just experimenting or you haven't decided what to use yet), then you can still do it. The how is detailed in the official Go Wiki: Can I work entirely outside of VCS on my local filesystem?

因此，您在 GOPATH 之外创建了一个 database 文件夹，并在其中创建了一个模块.你创建了另一个模块，我们称之为 main，你想使用这个 database 包.

So you created a database folder outside of GOPATH, and you created a module in it. And you created another module, let's call it main, and you want to use this database package.

你必须做的是:

• go.mod 您的 main 模块必须将 database 包列为要求".为您的 database 包提供一个临时的 VCS 名称:

• go.mod of your main module must list the database package as a "requirement". Give a temporary VCS name to your database package:

require (
    example.com/me/database v0.0.0
)

你必须告诉go工具这个包所在的位置，因为我们使用的完整包名只是一个临时/幻想的名字.使用 replace 指令使这个 database 包指向本地磁盘上的文件夹；您可以使用绝对路径和相对路径:

You must tell the go tool where this package is located, because the full package name we used is just a temporary / fantasy name. Use the replace directive to make this database package point to a folder on your local disk; you may use absolute and relative paths:

replace example.com/me/database => ../database

仅此而已.

让我们看一个工作示例.让我们创建一个 pretty 模块.创建一个 pretty 文件夹，里面有 2 个文件:

Let's see a working example. Let's create a pretty module. Create a pretty folder with 2 files in it:

pretty.go:

package pretty

import "fmt"

func Pretty(v ...interface{}) {
    fmt.Println(v...)
}

go.mod(可以通过运行go mod init pretty来创建):

go.mod (can be created by running go mod init pretty):

module pretty

现在让我们创建另一个主模块.让我们在 pretty 文件夹旁边创建一个文件夹 osinf(它可能是任何东西).其中有 2 个文件:

Now let's create another, main module. Let's create a folder osinf (it may be whatever) next to the pretty folder. 2 files in it:

osinf.go(注意我们打算使用我们的 pretty 包/模块，我们通过 "example.com/me/pretty" 导入它代码>):

osinf.go (note we intend to use our pretty package / module, we import it by "example.com/me/pretty"):

package main

import "example.com/me/pretty"

func main() {
    pretty.Pretty("hi")
    pretty.Pretty([]int{1, 3, 5})
}

go.mod:

module main

require example.com/me/pretty v0.0.0

replace example.com/me/pretty => ../pretty

仅此而已.

在osinf文件夹中运行go run osinf.go，输出为:

Running go run osinf.go in the osinf folder, the output is:

hi
[1 3 5]

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