从相对路径和/或文件名解析绝对路径 [英] Resolve absolute path from relative path and/or file name

问题描述

在 Windows 批处理脚本中有没有办法从包含文件名和/或相对路径的值返回绝对路径?

Is there a way in a Windows batch script to return an absolute path from a value containing a filename and/or relative path?

鉴于:

".."
"..somefile.txt"

我需要相对于批处理文件的绝对路径.

I need the absolute path relative to the batch file.

示例:

• somefile.txt"位于C:Foo"
• "test.bat" 位于 "C:FooBar".
• 用户在C:Foo"中打开一个命令窗口并调用 Bar est.bat ..somefile.txt
• 在批处理文件中C:Foosomefile.txt"将从 %1
派生

推荐答案

在批处理文件中，就像在标准 C 程序中一样，参数 0 包含当前正在执行的脚本的路径.您可以使用 %~dp0 仅获取第 0 个参数(即当前脚本)的路径部分 - 此路径始终是完全限定路径.

In batch files, as in standard C programs, argument 0 contains the path to the currently executing script. You can use %~dp0 to get only the path portion of the 0th argument (which is the current script) - this path is always a fully qualified path.

你也可以通过使用%~f1来获取你的第一个参数的完全限定路径，但这给出了根据当前工作目录的路径，这显然不是你想要的.

You can also get the fully qualified path of your first argument by using %~f1, but this gives a path according to the current working directory, which is obviously not what you want.

就我个人而言，我经常在我的批处理文件中使用 %~dp0%~1 习惯用法，它解释相对于执行批处理的路径的第一个参数.但它确实有一个缺点:如果第一个参数是完全限定的，它就会失败.

Personally, I often use the %~dp0%~1 idiom in my batch file, which interpret the first argument relative to the path of the executing batch. It does have a shortcoming though: it miserably fails if the first argument is fully-qualified.

如果您需要同时支持相对和绝对路径，您可以使用Frédéric Ménez 的解决方案:临时更改当前工作目录.

If you need to support both relative and absolute paths, you can make use of Frédéric Ménez's solution: temporarily change the current working directory.

下面的示例将演示这些技术中的每一种:

Here's an example that'll demonstrate each of these techniques:

@echo off
echo %%~dp0 is "%~dp0"
echo %%0 is "%0"
echo %%~dpnx0 is "%~dpnx0"
echo %%~f1 is "%~f1"
echo %%~dp0%%~1 is "%~dp0%~1"

rem Temporarily change the current working directory, to retrieve a full path 
rem   to the first parameter
pushd .
cd %~dp0
echo batch-relative %%~f1 is "%~f1"
popd

如果你将它保存为 c: empexample.bat 并从 c:UsersPublic as 运行它

If you save this as c: empexample.bat and the run it from c:UsersPublic as

c:UsersPublic> empexample.bat ..windows

c:UsersPublic> empexample.bat ..windows

...您将观察到以下输出:

...you'll observe the following output:

%~dp0 is "C:	emp"
%0 is "	empexample.bat"
%~dpnx0 is "C:	empexample.bat"
%~f1 is "C:Userswindows"
%~dp0%~1 is "C:	emp..windows"
batch-relative %~f1 is "C:Windows"

可以在此处找到批处理参数所允许的一组修饰符的文档:https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/call

the documentation for the set of modifiers allowed on a batch argument can be found here: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/call

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