如何为多个环境自定义一个requirements.txt? [英] How to customize a requirements.txt for multiple environments?

问题描述

我有两个分支，开发和生产.每个都有依赖关系，其中一些是不同的.开发指向本身正在开发中的依赖项.生产也是如此.我需要部署到 Heroku，它期望在名为requirements.txt"的单个文件中包含每个分支的依赖项.

I have two branches, Development and Production. Each has dependencies, some of which are different. Development points to dependencies that are themselves in development. Likewise for Production. I need to deploy to Heroku which expects each branch's dependencies in a single file called 'requirements.txt'.

最好的组织方式是什么?

What is the best way to organize?

我的想法:

• 维护单独的需求文件，每个分支一个(必须在频繁的合并中幸存下来！)
• 告诉 Heroku 我想使用哪个需求文件(环境变量?)
• 编写部署脚本(创建临时分支、修改需求文件、提交、部署、删除临时分支)

推荐答案

您可以级联您的需求文件并使用-r"标志告诉 pip 将一个文件的内容包含在另一个文件中.您可以将您的需求分解为模块化文件夹层次结构，如下所示:

You can cascade your requirements files and use the "-r" flag to tell pip to include the contents of one file inside another. You can break out your requirements into a modular folder hierarchy like this:

`-- django_project_root
|-- requirements
|   |-- common.txt
|   |-- dev.txt
|   `-- prod.txt
`-- requirements.txt

文件内容如下所示:

common.txt:

common.txt:

# Contains requirements common to all environments
req1==1.0
req2==1.0
req3==1.0
...

dev.txt:

# Specifies only dev-specific requirements
# But imports the common ones too
-r common.txt
dev_req==1.0
...

prod.txt:

# Same for prod...
-r common.txt
prod_req==1.0
...

在 Heroku 之外，您现在可以设置如下环境:

Outside of Heroku, you can now setup environments like this:

pip install -r requirements/dev.txt

或

pip install -r requirements/prod.txt

由于 Heroku 在项目根目录中专门查找requirements.txt"，因此它应该只是镜像 prod，如下所示:

Since Heroku looks specifically for "requirements.txt" at the project root, it should just mirror prod, like this:

requirements.txt:

requirements.txt:

# Mirrors prod
-r requirements/prod.txt

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