使用 lxml 和请求抓取 HTML 会出现 unicode 错误 [英] HTML scraping using lxml and requests gives a unicode error

问题描述

我正在尝试使用 此处 提供的 HTML 抓取工具.它适用于他们提供的示例.但是，当我尝试将它与我的 网页，我收到此错误 - 不支持带有编码声明的 Unicode 字符串.请在没有声明的情况下使用字节输入或 XML 片段.我试过谷歌搜索，但找不到解决方案.我真的很感激任何帮助.我想知道是否有办法使用 Python 将其复制为 HTML.

from lxml import html进口请求page = requests.get('http://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic/gene/analysis?ln=PTEN&ln1=PTEN&start=130&end=140&coords=bp%3AAA&sn=&;ss=&hn=&sh=&id=15#')树 = html.fromstring(page.text)

谢谢.

解决方案

简短回答:使用 page.content，而不是 page.text.

来自 http://lxml.de/parsing.html#python-unicode-strings:

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lxml.etree 中的解析器可以直接处理 unicode 字符串……然而，这要求 unicode 字符串本身不指定冲突的编码，因此对它们的真实编码撒谎

来自 http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/quickstart/#response-content :

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请求将自动解码来自服务器的内容 [作为 r.text]....您还可以以字节 [as r.content] 的形式访问响应正文.

所以你看，requests.text 和 lxml.etree 都想将 utf-8 解码为 un​​icode.但是如果我们让requests.text来解码，那么xml文件里面的编码语句就变成了谎言.

所以，让 requests.content 不进行解码.这样 lxml 将收到一个始终未解码的文件.

I'm trying to use HTML scraper like the one provided here. It works fine for the example they provided. However, when I try using it with my webpage, I receive this error - Unicode strings with encoding declaration are not supported. Please use bytes input or XML fragments without declaration. I've tried googling but couldn't find a solution. I'd truly appreciate any help. I'd like to know if there's a way to copy it as HTML using Python.

Edit:

from lxml import html
import requests
page = requests.get('http://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic/gene/analysis?ln=PTEN&ln1=PTEN&start=130&end=140&coords=bp%3AAA&sn=&ss=&hn=&sh=&id=15#')
tree = html.fromstring(page.text)

Thank you.

解决方案

Short answer: use page.content, not page.text.

From http://lxml.de/parsing.html#python-unicode-strings :

the parsers in lxml.etree can handle unicode strings straight away ... This requires, however, that unicode strings do not specify a conflicting encoding themselves and thus lie about their real encoding

From http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/quickstart/#response-content :

Requests will automatically decode content from the server [as r.text]. ... You can also access the response body as bytes [as r.content].

So you see, both requests.text and lxml.etree want to decode the utf-8 to unicode. But if we let requests.text do the decoding, then the encoding statement inside the xml file becomes a lie.

So, let's have requests.content do no decoding. That way lxml will receive a consistently undecoded file.

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