如何从文件中删除所有变音符号? [英] How to remove all of the diacritics from a file?

问题描述

我有一个文件，其中包含许多带有变音符号的元音.我需要进行这些替换:

I have a file containing many vowels with diacritics. I need to make these replacements:

• 用 a 替换 ā、á、ǎ 和 à.
• 将 ē、é、ě 和 è 替换为 e.
• 用 i 替换 ī、í、ǐ 和 ì.
• 将 ō、ó、ǒ 和 ò 替换为 o.
• 用 u 替换 ū、ú、ǔ 和 ù.
• 用ü替换ǖ、ǘ、ǚ和ǜ.
• 将 Ā、Á、Ǎ 和 À 替换为 A.
• 用 E 替换 Ē、É、Ě 和 È.
• 用 I 替换 Ī、Í、Ǐ 和 Ì.
• 用 O 替换 Ō、Ó、Ǒ 和 Ò.
• 用 U 替换 Ū、Ú、Ǔ 和 Ù.
• 将Ǖ、Ǘ、Ǚ和Ǜ替换为Ü.

我知道我可以一次更换一个:

I know I can replace them one at a time with this:

sed -i 's/ā/a/g' ./file.txt

有没有更有效的方法来替换所有这些?

Is there a more efficient way to replace all of these?

推荐答案

如果查看工具iconv的手册页:

If you check the man page of the tool iconv:

//TRANSLIT
当字符串//TRANSLIT"附加到--to-code，音译被激活.这意味着当一个字符不能在目标字符集，可以通过一个或几个相似的字符来近似.

//TRANSLIT
When the string "//TRANSLIT" is appended to --to-code, transliteration is activated. This means that when a character cannot be represented in the target character set, it can be approximated through one or several similarly looking characters.

所以我们可以这样做:

kent$  cat test1
    Replace ā, á, ǎ, and à with a.
    Replace ē, é, ě, and è with e.
    Replace ī, í, ǐ, and ì with i.
    Replace ō, ó, ǒ, and ò with o.
    Replace ū, ú, ǔ, and ù with u.
    Replace ǖ, ǘ, ǚ, and ǜ with ü.
    Replace Ā, Á, Ǎ, and À with A.
    Replace Ē, É, Ě, and È with E.
    Replace Ī, Í, Ǐ, and Ì with I.
    Replace Ō, Ó, Ǒ, and Ò with O.
    Replace Ū, Ú, Ǔ, and Ù with U.
    Replace Ǖ, Ǘ, Ǚ, and Ǜ with U.


kent$  iconv -f utf8 -t ascii//TRANSLIT test1
    Replace a, a, a, and a with a.
    Replace e, e, e, and e with e.
    Replace i, i, i, and i with i.
    Replace o, o, o, and o with o.
    Replace u, u, u, and u with u.
    Replace u, u, u, and u with u.
    Replace A, A, A, and A with A.
    Replace E, E, E, and E with E.
    Replace I, I, I, and I with I.
    Replace O, O, O, and O with O.
    Replace U, U, U, and U with U.
    Replace U, U, U, and U with U.

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