如何使用 CMake 将外部库 (boost) 包含到 CLion C++ 项目中? [英] How to include external library (boost) into CLion C++ project with CMake?

问题描述

我有以下 C++ 开发设置:

I have the following setup for C++ development:

• OS X Yosemite
• CLion 140.2310.6(JetBrains 的跨平台 C/C++-IDE，使用 CMake 作为构建系统)
• 通过brew install boost安装boost到/usr/local/Cellar/boost/

• OS X Yosemite
• CLion 140.2310.6 (a cross-plattform C/C++-IDE by JetBrains using CMake as build system)
• installed boost via brew install boost into /usr/local/Cellar/boost/

现在，我的目标是设置一个简单的项目并包含 boost 库.我只定义了一个 test.cpp 文件，如下所示:

Now, my goal is to setup a simple project and include the boost library. I defined just one test.cpp file that looks like this:

#include <iostream>
#include <boost>

using namespace std;

int test() {
    cout << "Hello, World!" << endl;
    return 0; 
}

我的 CMakeLists.txt 文件如下所示:

My CMakeLists.txt file looks like this:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.4) 
project(MyProject)

set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11") 

include_directories("/usr/local/Cellar/boost/1.57.0/include/boost")

set(SOURCE_FILES main.cpp ./test.cpp)
add_executable(MyProject ${SOURCE_FILES}) 

当我构建项目时，出现以下错误:

When I build the project, I get the following error:

/Users/nburk/Documents/uni/master/master_thesis/MyProject/test.cpp:2:10:致命错误:找不到boost"文件

/Users/nburk/Documents/uni/master/master_thesis/MyProject/test.cpp:2:10: fatal error: 'boost' file not found

make[3]: *** [CMakeFiles/MyProject.dir/test.cpp.o] 错误 1make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/MyProject.dir/all] 错误 2make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/MyProject.dir/rule] 错误 2make: *** [MyProject] 错误 2

make[3]: *** [CMakeFiles/MyProject.dir/test.cpp.o] Error 1 make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/MyProject.dir/all] Error 2 make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/MyProject.dir/rule] Error 2 make: *** [MyProject] Error 2

我到处调整路径，还使用了add_library 和target_link_libraries，但这些都没有成功构建项目.

I played around with adjusting paths here and there and also using add_library and target_link_libraries, none of which made the project build successfully.

有人能指出正确的方向，如何确保我可以将 boost 的功能包含到我的 CLion C++ 项目中?

Can someone point into the right direction how to make sure I can include boosts functionality into my CLion C++ project?

更新:感谢@Waxo 的回答，我在 CMakeLists.txt 文件中使用了以下代码:

Update: Thanks to @Waxo's answer I used the following code in my CMakeLists.txt file which:

set(Boost_INCLUDE_DIR /usr/local/Cellar/boost/1.57.0)
set(Boost_LIBRARY_DIR /usr/local/Cellar/boost/1.57.0/lib)
find_package(Boost COMPONENTS system filesystem REQUIRED)
include_directories(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIR})

我现在解决了找不到文件-错误，但我得到以下信息:

I now got past the file not found-error, but instead I get the following:

/Applications/CLion 中的 CMake 错误EAP.app/Contents/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:685(文件):

CMake Error at /Applications/CLion EAP.app/Contents/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.1/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:685 (file):

无法读取文件 STRINGS 文件/usr/local/Cellar/boost/1.57.0/boost/version.hpp".

file STRINGS file "/usr/local/Cellar/boost/1.57.0/boost/version.hpp" cannot be read.

调用堆栈(最近调用优先):CMakeLists.txt:11(find_package)

Call Stack (most recent call first): CMakeLists.txt:11 (find_package)

任何想法我仍然缺少什么?FindBoost.cmake 中引用的行 (685) 是:file(STRINGS "${Boost_INCLUDE_DIR}/boost/version.hpp" _boost_VERSION_HPP_CONTENTS REGEX "#define BOOST_(LIB_)?VERSION ")

Any ideas what I am still missing? The referred line (685) in FindBoost.cmake is: file(STRINGS "${Boost_INCLUDE_DIR}/boost/version.hpp" _boost_VERSION_HPP_CONTENTS REGEX "#define BOOST_(LIB_)?VERSION ")

推荐答案

在这个问题上花了一个下午，我自己解决了.这是一个相当愚蠢的错误，@Waxo 回答中的所有提示都非常有帮助.

After spending the whole afternoon on the issue, I solved it myself. It was a rather stupid mistake and all the hints in @Waxo's answer were really helpful.

我在 test.cpp 文件中编写了 #include <boost> 对我不起作用的原因，这显然是错误的.相反，您需要直接引用您实际想要包含的头文件，因此您应该编写例如#include .

The reason why it wasn't working for me that I wrote #include <boost> within my test.cpp-file, which apparently is just wrong. Instead, you need to refer directly to the header files that you actually want to include, so you should rather write e.g. #include <boost/thread.hpp>.

毕竟，简短的语句序列应该足以成功(并且独立于平台)将 boost 包含到 CMake 项目中:

After all, a short sequence of statements should be enough to successfully (and platform-independently) include boost into a CMake project:

find_package(Boost 1.57.0 COMPONENTS system filesystem REQUIRED)
include_directories(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS})
add_executable(BoostTest main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(BoostTest ${Boost_LIBRARIES})

这些线条在这里发挥着神奇的作用.作为参考，这里是一个完整的 CMakeLists.txt 文件，我用于在单独的命令行项目中进行调试:

These lines are doing the magic here. For reference, here is a complete CMakeLists.txt file that I used for debugging in a separate command line project:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.4)

project(BoostTest)

message(STATUS "start running cmake...")

find_package(Boost 1.57.0 COMPONENTS system filesystem REQUIRED)

if(Boost_FOUND)

    message(STATUS "Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS: ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
    message(STATUS "Boost_LIBRARIES: ${Boost_LIBRARIES}")
    message(STATUS "Boost_VERSION: ${Boost_VERSION}")

    include_directories(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS})

endif()

add_executable(BoostTest main.cpp)

if(Boost_FOUND)

    target_link_libraries(BoostTest ${Boost_LIBRARIES})

endif()

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