在 Python 中写入 UTF-8 文件 [英] Write to UTF-8 file in Python

问题描述

我真的对 codecs.open 函数感到困惑.当我这样做时:

I'm really confused with the codecs.open function. When I do:

file = codecs.open("temp", "w", "utf-8")
file.write(codecs.BOM_UTF8)
file.close()

它给了我错误

UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' 编解码器无法解码字节 0xef 的位置0:序数不在范围内(128)

UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xef in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)

如果我这样做:

file = open("temp", "w")
file.write(codecs.BOM_UTF8)
file.close()

效果很好.

问题是为什么第一种方法会失败?以及如何插入 bom?

Question is why does the first method fail? And how do I insert the bom?

如果第二种方法是正确的方法，那么使用 codecs.open(filename, "w", "utf-8") 有什么意义?

If the second method is the correct way of doing it, what the point of using codecs.open(filename, "w", "utf-8")?

推荐答案

我认为问题在于 codecs.BOM_UTF8 是一个字节字符串，而不是一个 Unicode 字符串.我怀疑文件处理程序试图根据我打算将 Unicode 编写为 UTF-8 编码文本，但您给了我一个字节字符串！"来猜测您的真正意思.

I believe the problem is that codecs.BOM_UTF8 is a byte string, not a Unicode string. I suspect the file handler is trying to guess what you really mean based on "I'm meant to be writing Unicode as UTF-8-encoded text, but you've given me a byte string!"

尝试直接编写字节顺序标记的 Unicode 字符串(即 Unicode U+FEFF)，以便文件将其编码为 UTF-8:

Try writing the Unicode string for the byte order mark (i.e. Unicode U+FEFF) directly, so that the file just encodes that as UTF-8:

import codecs

file = codecs.open("lol", "w", "utf-8")
file.write(u'ufeff')
file.close()

(这似乎给出了正确的答案 - 一个包含字节 EF BB BF 的文件.)

(That seems to give the right answer - a file with bytes EF BB BF.)

S. Lott 的建议使用utf-8-sig"作为编码比自己明确地编写 BOM，但我会在这里留下这个答案，因为它解释了之前出了什么问题.

S. Lott's suggestion of using "utf-8-sig" as the encoding is a better one than explicitly writing the BOM yourself, but I'll leave this answer here as it explains what was going wrong before.

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