带有 Python 'Requests' 模块的代理 [英] Proxies with Python 'Requests' module

问题描述

关于优秀的Requests模块的简短而简单的蟒蛇.

Just a short, simple one about the excellent Requests module for Python.

我似乎无法在文档中找到变量代理"应包含的内容.当我向它发送一个带有标准IP:PORT"值的 dict 时，它拒绝了它要求 2 个值.所以，我猜(因为这似乎没有包含在文档中)第一个值是 ip，第二个是端口?

I can't seem to find in the documentation what the variable 'proxies' should contain. When I send it a dict with a standard "IP:PORT" value it rejected it asking for 2 values. So, I guess (because this doesn't seem to be covered in the docs) that the first value is the ip and the second the port?

文档只提到了这一点:

proxys –(可选)字典映射协议到代理的 URL.

proxies – (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.

所以我尝试了这个……我该怎么办?

So I tried this... what should I be doing?

proxy = { ip: port}

我应该在将它们放入字典之前将它们转换为某种类型吗?

and should I convert these to some type before putting them in the dict?

r = requests.get(url,headers=headers,proxies=proxy)

推荐答案

proxies' dict 语法是 {"protocol":"ip:port", ...}.有了它，您可以为使用 http、https 和 ftp 协议的请求指定不同(或相同)的代理:

The proxies' dict syntax is {"protocol":"ip:port", ...}. With it you can specify different (or the same) proxie(s) for requests using http, https, and ftp protocols:

http_proxy  = "http://10.10.1.10:3128"
https_proxy = "https://10.10.1.11:1080"
ftp_proxy   = "ftp://10.10.1.10:3128"

proxyDict = { 
              "http"  : http_proxy, 
              "https" : https_proxy, 
              "ftp"   : ftp_proxy
            }

r = requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxies=proxyDict)

从 requests 文档中推导出来:

Deduced from the requests documentation:

参数:
method – 新请求对象的方法.
url – 新请求对象的 URL.
...
proxys –(可选)字典映射协议到代理的URL.
...

Parameters:
method – method for the new Request object.
url – URL for the new Request object.
...
proxies – (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.
...

<小时>

在 linux 上，您也可以通过 HTTP_PROXY、HTTPS_PROXY 和 FTP_PROXY 环境变量执行此操作:

---

On linux you can also do this via the HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, and FTP_PROXY environment variables:

export HTTP_PROXY=10.10.1.10:3128
export HTTPS_PROXY=10.10.1.11:1080
export FTP_PROXY=10.10.1.10:3128

在 Windows 上:

On Windows:

set http_proxy=10.10.1.10:3128
set https_proxy=10.10.1.11:1080
set ftp_proxy=10.10.1.10:3128

<小时>

谢谢，杰指出这一点:
语法随 requests 2.0.0 发生变化.
您需要向 url 添加架构:https://2.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/advanced/#proxies

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