selenium.common.exceptions.SessionNotCreatedException:消息:会话未创建:ChromeDriver Chrome Selenium 没有匹配功能错误 [英] selenium.common.exceptions.SessionNotCreatedException: Message: session not created: No matching capabilities error with ChromeDriver Chrome Selenium

问题描述

首先，机器和包装规格:我在跑步:

ChromeDriver 版本 75.0.3770.140硒:版本'3.141.0'Windows 10 的 WSL(linux 子系统)

我正在尝试通过 selenium 运行 chromebrowser.我发现:

1. 我肯定安装了 Google Chrome v75.0(我可以看到产品版本 75.0.3770.100)

2. 我以非 root 用户身份运行脚本，因为我的 bash 命令行以 $ 而不是 # 结尾(即 kela:~/test_dir$ 而不是 kela:~/test_dir#)

编辑 2:根据下面 DebanjanB 的回答，我非常接近让它工作，但还不够.

代码:

导入硒从硒导入网络驱动程序从 bs4 导入 BeautifulSoup从 selenium.webdriver.firefox.options 导入选项从 selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_binary 导入 FirefoxBinary从 selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities 导入 DesiredCapabilities从 selenium.webdriver.chrome.options 导入选项选项=选项()options.binary_location='/c/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe'驱动程序= webdriver.Chrome(选项=选项)driver.get('http://google.com/')

生成一个对话框，内容如下:谷歌浏览器无法读写其数据目录:/tmp/.com/google.Chrom.gyw63s

然后我再次检查了我的 Chrome 权限，我应该能够写入 Chrome:

另外，我可以看到/tmp/中有一堆 .com 目录:

.com.google.Chrome.4jnWme/.com.google.Chrome.FdNyKP/.com.google.Chrome.VAcWMQ/.com.google.Chrome.ZbkRx0/.com.google.Chrome.iRrceF/.com.google.Chrome.A2QHHB/.com.google.Chrome.G7Y51c/.com.google.Chrome.WD8BtK/.com.google.Chrome.cItmhA/.com.google.Chrome.pm28hN/

但是，由于这似乎更像是一个警告而不是错误，我单击确定"关闭对话框，并在浏览器中打开一个新选项卡；但 URL 只是数据:，".如果我从 'driver.get('http://google.com')'脚本，所以我知道警告/问题出在以下行:

driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options = options,executable_path='/home/kela/test_dir/chromedriver')

例如，从这里，我尝试添加:

options.add_argument('--profile-directory=Default')

但同样的警告会弹出.

编辑 3:

由于编辑 3 开始转向与此处具体解决的问题不同的问题，因此我提出了一个新问题 这里.

解决方案

这个错误信息...

selenium.common.exceptions.SessionNotCreatedException:消息:未创建会话:未找到匹配的功能

...暗示 ChromeDriver 无法启动/生成新的 WebBrowser 即 Chrome 浏览器 会话.

<小时>

二进制位置

binary_location 设置/获取 Chrome(可执行)二进制文件的位置，定义为:

def binary_location(self, value):"""允许您设置铬二进制文件的位置:args:- 值:Chromium 二进制文件的路径"""self._binary_location = 值

因此，根据您的代码试验，options.binary_location='/home/kela/test_dir/chromedriver' 不正确.

<小时>

解决方案

如果 Chrome 安装在默认位置，您可以安全地删除此属性.如果 Chrome 安装在自定义位置，您需要使用 options.binary_location property 指向 Chrome安装.

<块引用>

您可以在 Selenium: WebDriverException:Chrome 无法启动:由于 google-chrome 不再运行而崩溃，因此 ChromeDriver 假定 Chrome 已崩溃

实际上，您的代码块将是:

从 selenium 导入 webdriver从 selenium.webdriver.chrome.options 导入选项选项=选项()options.binary_location=r'C:Program Files (x86)GoogleChromeApplicationchrome.exe'driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, executable_path='/home/kela/test_dir/chromedriver.exe')driver.get('http://google.com/')

此外，请确保以下几点:

• ChromeDriver 对非 root 用户具有可执行权限.

• 当您使用 ChromeDriver v75.0 时，请确保您拥有推荐的 Google Chrome v75.0 版本:

  ---------ChromeDriver 75.0.3770.8 (2019-04-29)------支持 Chrome 版本 75

• 以 非 root 用户身份执行 Selenium 测试.

First, machine and package specs: I am running:

ChromeDriver version 75.0.3770.140
Selenium: version '3.141.0'
WSL (linux subsystem) of windows 10

I am trying to run a chromebrowser through selenium. I found: these commands, to use selenium through google chrome.

I have a test directory, with only the chromedriver binary file, and the script, in it. The location of the directory is: /home/kela/test_dir/

I ran the code:

import selenium
from selenium import webdriver
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_binary import FirefoxBinary
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities


options = Options()
options.binary_location='/home/kela/test_dir/chromedriver'
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options = options,executable_path='/home/kela/test_dir/chromedriver')

The output from this code is:

selenium.common.exceptions.SessionNotCreatedException: Message: session not created: No matching capabilities found

Can anyone explain why I need capabilities when the same script works for others without capabilities? I did try adding:

chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')

but I got the same error. So I'm not sure what capabilities I need to add (considering it works for others without it?)

Edit 1: Addressing DebanjanB's comments below:

1. Chromedriver is in the expected location. I am using windows 10. From here, the expected location is C:Program Files (x86)GoogleChromeApplicationchrome.exe; and this is where it is on my machine (I copied and pasted this location from the chrome Properties table).

2. ChromeDriver is having executable permission for non-root users.

3. I definitely have Google Chrome v75.0 installed (I can see that the Product version 75.0.3770.100)

4. I am running the script as a non-root user, as my bash command line ends with a $ and not # (i.e kela:~/test_dir$ and not kela:~/test_dir#)

Edit 2: Based on DebanjanB's answer below, I am very close to having it working, but just not quite.

The code:

import selenium
from selenium import webdriver
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_binary import FirefoxBinary
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

options = Options()
options.binary_location='/c/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe'
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
driver.get('http://google.com/')

Produces a dialog box that reads: Google Chrome cannot read and write to it's data directory: /tmp/.com/google.Chrom.gyw63s

So then I double checked my Chrome permissions and I should be able to write to Chrome:

Also, I can see that /tmp/ has a bunch of .com dirs in it:

.com.google.Chrome.4jnWme/ .com.google.Chrome.FdNyKP/ .com.google.Chrome.VAcWMQ/ .com.google.Chrome.ZbkRx0/ .com.google.Chrome.iRrceF/
.com.google.Chrome.A2QHHB/ .com.google.Chrome.G7Y51c/ .com.google.Chrome.WD8BtK/ .com.google.Chrome.cItmhA/ .com.google.Chrome.pm28hN/

However, since that seemed to be more of a warning than an error, I clicked 'ok' to close the dialog box, and a new tab does open in the browser; but the URL is just 'data:,'. The same thing happens if I remove the line 'driver.get('http://google.com')' from the script, so I know the warning/issue is with the line:

driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options = options,executable_path='/home/kela/test_dir/chromedriver')

For example, from here, I tried adding:

options.add_argument('--profile-directory=Default')

But the same warning pops up.

Edit 3:

As edit 3 was starting to veer into a different question than specifically being addressed here, I started a new question here.

解决方案

This error message...

selenium.common.exceptions.SessionNotCreatedException: Message: session not created: No matching capabilities found

...implies that the ChromeDriver was unable to initiate/spawn a new WebBrowser i.e. Chrome Browser session.

---

binary_location

binary_location set/get(s) the location of the Chrome (executable) binary and is defined as:

def binary_location(self, value):
    """
    Allows you to set where the chromium binary lives

    :Args:
     - value: path to the Chromium binary
    """
    self._binary_location = value

So as per your code trials, options.binary_location='/home/kela/test_dir/chromedriver' is incorrect.

---

Solution

If Chrome is installed at the default location, you can safely remove this property. Incase Chrome is installed at a customized location you need to use the options.binary_location property to point to the Chrome installation.

You can find a detailed discussion in Selenium: WebDriverException:Chrome failed to start: crashed as google-chrome is no longer running so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed

Effectively, you code block will be:

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

options = Options()
options.binary_location=r'C:Program Files (x86)GoogleChromeApplicationchrome.exe'
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, executable_path='/home/kela/test_dir/chromedriver.exe')
driver.get('http://google.com/')

Additionally, ensure the following:

• ChromeDriver is having executable permission for non-root users.

• As you are using ChromeDriver v75.0 ensure that you have the recommended version of the Google Chrome v75.0 as:

  ---------ChromeDriver 75.0.3770.8 (2019-04-29)---------
  Supports Chrome version 75
  

• Execute the Selenium Test as non-root user.

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