C++ 运行时类型切换(避免切换) [英] C++ runtime type switching (avoiding switch)

问题描述

我已经使用 C++ 多年了，但我还没有找到解决我经常遇到的问题的方法.知道如何解决它会很棒.

I've been into C++ for some years but I have not found yet the solution to a problem I constantly have. Know how to solve it would be awesome.

我现在拥有的是:

// Client code:
switch(currentEnumValue)
    {
    case MyEnum::kValue01:
      processData<MyEnum::kValue01>(data);
      break;
    case MyEnum::kValue02:
      processData<MyEnum::kValue02>(data);
      break;
    default:
      LOG("Invalid command");
      break;
    }

// Declarations

enum class MyEnum {kValue01, kValue02};
class MyClass
{
// code
template <MyEnum> void processData(char*); /* Implemented somewhere else */
}
  template <> void MyClass::processData<MyEnum::kValue01>(char* data); /* Implemented somewhere else */
  MyClass <> void MyClass::processData<MyEnum::kValue02>(char* data); /* Implemented somewhere else */

出于多种原因，我想移除开关.而不是它，我需要类似的东西: processData<runtime-decltype(currentEnumValue)>(data);

I would like to remove the switch because of many reasons. Instead of it I would need something like: processData<runtime-decltype(currentEnumValue)>(data);

我知道 typeid 以及不将编译时间和运行时混合在一起......但尽管如此，我还是想找到一些解决方案，最好排除宏.

I know about typeid and about not mixing compile time and runtime together... but despite this, I would like to find some solution anyway, preferably excluding macros.

推荐答案

这个类根据构造为给定的 Enum 创建一个跳转表，直到某个 count 大小一些模板并使用提供的参数调用它.它假定枚举值从 0 开始，然后转到 Count-1.

This class makes a jump table for a given Enum up to a certain count size based off constructing some template and invoking it with the supplied args. It assumes the enum values start at 0, and go to Count-1.

template<class Enum, Enum Count, template<Enum>class Z>
struct magic_switch {
  // return value of a call to magic_switch(Args...)
  template<class...Args>
  using R = std::result_of_t<Z<Enum(0)>(Args...)>;
  // A function pointer for a jump table:
  template<class...Args>
  using F = R<Args...>(*)(Args&&...);
  // Produces a single function pointer for index I and args Args...
  template<size_t I, class...Args>
  F<Args...> f() const {
    using ret = R<Args...>;
    return +[](Args&&...args)->ret{
      using Invoke=Z<Enum(I)>;
      return Invoke{}(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    };
  }
  // builds a jump table:
  template<class...Args, size_t...Is>
  std::array<F<Args...>,size_t(Count)>
  table( std::index_sequence<Is...> ) const {
    return {{
      f<Is, Args...>()...
    }};
  }
  template<class...Args>
  R<Args...> operator()(Enum n, Args&&...args) {
    // a static jump table for this case of Args...:
    static auto jump=table<Args...>(std::make_index_sequence<size_t(Count)>{});
    // Look up the nth entry in the jump table, and invoke it:
    return jump[size_t(n)](std::forward<Args>(args)...);
  }
};

如果你有一个枚举:

enum class abc_enum { a, b, c, count };

还有一个函数对象模板:

and a function object template:

template<abc_enum e>
struct stuff {
  void operator()() const {
    std::cout << (int)e << '
';
  }
};

您可以派送:

magic_switch<abc_enum, abc_enum::count, stuff>{}(abc_enum::b);

在任何情况下，在模板 stuff 中，您都可以将枚举值作为编译时间常数.你用运行时常量调用它.

in any case, within the template stuff, you get the enum value as a compile time constant. You call it with a run time constant.

开销应该类似于 switch 语句或 vtable 调用，具体取决于编译器如何优化.

Overhead should be similar to a switch statement, or a vtable call, depending on what the compiler does optimization wise.

现场示例.

请注意，将 Enum 设置为 std::size_t 是有效的.

Note that setting Enum to std::size_t is valid.

在 C++11 中，您需要 make_index_sequence 和 index_sequence:

In C++11 you need make_index_sequence and index_sequence:

template<size_t...>
struct index_sequence {};
namespace details {
  template<size_t Count, size_t...szs>
  struct sequence_maker : sequence_maker<Count-1, Count-1, szs...> {};
  template<size_t...szs>
  struct sequence_maker<0,szs...> {
    using type = index_sequence<szs...>;
  };
}
template<size_t Count>
using make_index_sequence=typename details::sequence_maker<Count>::type;
template<class...Ts>
using index_sequence_for=make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>;

还有这个别名:

template<class Sig>
using result_of_t=typename std::result_of<Sig>::type;

然后在上面的代码中去掉 std:: 的使用.

then strip std:: off their use in the above code.

现场示例.

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