如何在 Flutter/Dart 中对 Base64 和 Base64Url 进行编码和解码 [英] How to encode and decode Base64 and Base64Url in Flutter / Dart

问题描述

我想在 Flutter 的 Base64Url 中对以下字符串进行编码，并在 Dart 服务器上对其进行解码.

I want to encode the following string in Base64Url in Flutter and decode it in on a Dart server.

"username:password"

我该怎么做?以及如何在 Base64 中做到这一点?

How do I do that? And how do I do it in Base64?

推荐答案

dart:convert 库包含 Base64 和 Base64Url 的编码器和解码器.但是，它们对整数列表进行编码和解码，因此对于字符串，您还需要在 UTF-8 中进行编码和解码.您可以将它们与 结合使用，而不是分别进行这两种编码熔断器.

The dart:convert library contains an encoder and decoder for Base64 and Base64Url. However, they encode and decode Lists of integers, so for strings you also need to encode and decode in UTF-8. Rather than doing these two encodings separately, you can combine them with fuse.

您需要有以下导入:

import 'dart:convert';

Base64

String credentials = "username:password";
Codec<String, String> stringToBase64 = utf8.fuse(base64);
String encoded = stringToBase64.encode(credentials);      // dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=
String decoded = stringToBase64.decode(encoded);          // username:password

请注意，这相当于:

String encoded = base64.encode(utf8.encode(credentials)); // dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=
String decoded = utf8.decode(base64.decode(encoded));     // username:password

Base64Url

String credentials = "username:password";
Codec<String, String> stringToBase64Url = utf8.fuse(base64Url);
String encoded = stringToBase64Url.encode(credentials);      // dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=
String decoded = stringToBase64Url.decode(encoded);          // username:password

同样，这相当于:

String encoded = base64Url.encode(utf8.encode(credentials)); // dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=
String decoded = utf8.decode(base64Url.decode(encoded));     // username:password

另见

• RCF 4648
• 基于字符串的数据编码:Base64 vs Base64url

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