如何判断字符串是否为base64 [英] how to tell if a string is base64 or not

问题描述

I have many emails coming in from different sources. they all have attachments, many of them have attachment names in chinese, so these names are converted to base64 by their email clients.

When I receive these emails, I wish to decode the name. but there are other names which are not base64. How can I differentiate whether a string is base64 or not, using the jython programming language?

Ie.

First attachment:

------=_NextPart_000_0091_01C940CC.EF5AC860
Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-excel;
 name="Copy of Book1.xls"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="Copy of Book1.xls"

second attachment:

------=_NextPart_000_0091_01C940CC.EF5AC860
Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-excel;
 name="=?gb2312?B?uLGxvmhlbrixsb5nLnhscw==?="
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="=?gb2312?B?uLGxvmhlbrixsb5nLnhscw==?="  

Please note both "Content-Transfer-Encoding" have base64

解决方案

Please note both Content-Transfer-Encoding have base64

Not relevant in this case, the Content-Transfer-Encoding only applies to the body payload, not to the headers.

=?gb2312?B?uLGxvmhlbrixsb5nLnhscw==?=

That's an RFC2047-encoded header atom. The stdlib function to decode it is email.header.decode_header. It still needs a little post-processing to interpret the outcome of that function though:

import email.header
x= '=?gb2312?B?uLGxvmhlbrixsb5nLnhscw==?='
try:
    name= u''.join([
        unicode(b, e or 'ascii') for b, e in email.header.decode_header(x)
    ])
except email.Errors.HeaderParseError:
    pass # leave name as it was

However...

Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-excel;
 name="=?gb2312?B?uLGxvmhlbrixsb5nLnhscw==?="

This is simply wrong. What mailer created it? RFC2047 encoding can only happen in atoms, and a quoted-string is not an atom. RFC2047 §5 explicitly denies this:

• An 'encoded-word' MUST NOT appear within a 'quoted-string'.

The accepted way to encode parameter headers when long string or Unicode characters are present is RFC2231, which is a whole new bag of hurt. But you should be using a standard mail-parsing library which will cope with that for you.

So, you could detect the '=?' in filename parameters if you want, and try to decode it via RFC2047. However, the strictly-speaking-correct thing to do is to take the mailer at its word and really call the file =?gb2312?B?uLGxvmhlbrixsb5nLnhscw==?=!

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