使用 r 中的 ggplot2 为绘图地图编辑工具提示中的标签 [英] Edit labels in tooltip for plotly maps using ggplot2 in r

问题描述

我知道这个问题已经被问过很多次了，但我认为 plotly 的一些基本语法在被问到这些问题后已经发生了变化.使用 ggplotly() 创建 choropleth 地图会给出默认工具提示 long、lat、group 和我的美学变量之一.我知道工具提示仅映射美学中的内容.我要做的就是自定义工具提示，以便它显示我的数据集中的一些变量(包括那些未映射到美学的变量)而不是其他变量(例如坐标).下面是一个可重现的例子，也是我迄今为止尝试过的.我遵循了在回答其他问题时给出的建议，但无济于事.

I know this question has been asked a number of times but I think some of the underlying syntax for plotly has changed since those questions have been asked. Using ggplotly() to create a choropleth map gives the default tooltip of long, lat, group, and one of my variables from my aesthetics. I understand that tooltip maps only whats in the aesthetics. All I want to do is to customize the tooltip so it displays some of the variables in my dataset (including those not mapped to aesthetics) and not others (such as the coordinates). Below is a reproducible example and what I've tried so far. I followed the advice given in response to other questions to no avail.

#Load dependencies
library(rgeos)
library(stringr)
library(rgdal)
library(maptools)
library(ggplot2)
library(plotly)

#Function to read shapefile from website
dlshape=function(shploc, shpfile) {
  temp=tempfile()
  download.file(shploc, temp)
  unzip(temp)
  shp.data <- sapply(".", function(f) {
    fp <- file.path(temp, f)
    return(readOGR(".",shpfile))
  })
}

austria <- dlshape(shploc="http://biogeo.ucdavis.edu/data/gadm2.8/shp/AUT_adm_shp.zip", 
                   "AUT_adm1")[[1]]
#Create random data to add as variables
austria@data$example1<-sample(seq(from = 1, to = 100, by = 1), size = 11, replace = TRUE)
austria@data$example2<-sample(seq(from = 1, to = 100, by = 1), size = 11, replace = TRUE)
austria@data$example3<-sample(seq(from = 1, to = 100, by = 1), size = 11, replace = TRUE)

#Fortify shapefile to use w/ ggplot
austria.ft <- fortify(austria, region="ID_1")
data<-merge(austria.ft, austria, region="id", by.x = "id", by.y = "ID_1")

#Save as ggplot object    
gg<-ggplot(data, aes(x = long, y = lat, fill = example1, group = group)) + 
  geom_polygon() + geom_path(color="black",linetype=1) + 
  coord_equal() +
  scale_fill_gradient(low = "lightgrey", high = "darkred", name='Index') +xlab("")+ylab("") + 
  theme(axis.text = element_blank(), 
        axis.title = element_blank(), 
        axis.ticks = element_blank()) + 
  theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), 
        panel.background = element_blank(), axis.line = element_line(colour = "black")) + 
  theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), 
        panel.background = element_blank(), axis.line = element_line(colour = "black"))

#Plot using ggplotly
ggplotly(gg)

从这里我尝试了两种不同的方法.其中最成功的一种方法让我部分达到了目标.我可以将新变量添加到工具提示，但我不能做两件事:1)我无法摆脱默认情况下已经显示的其他变量(从美学角度)和 2)我不能将变量重命名为除列名之外的其他名称数据集(例如，我想将example3"标记为Example III").这是这种方法:

From here I've tried two different approaches. The most successful one of the approaches gets me there in part. I can add new variables to to the tooltip but I cannot do two things: 1) I cannot get rid of other variables already displayed by default (from the aesthetics) and 2) I cannot rename the variables something other than their column name from the dataset (for example I would like to label "example3 as "Example III"). Here is that approach:

#Save as a new ggplot object except this time add ``label = example3`` to the aesthetics
 gg2<-ggplot(data, aes(x = long, y = lat, fill = example1, group = group, label = example3)) + 
  geom_polygon() + geom_path(color="black",linetype=1) + 
  coord_equal() +
  scale_fill_gradient(low = "lightgrey", high = "darkred", name='Index') +xlab("")+ylab("") + 
  theme(axis.text = element_blank(), 
        axis.title = element_blank(), 
        axis.ticks = element_blank()) + 
  theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), 
        panel.background = element_blank(), axis.line = element_line(colour = "black")) + 
  theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), 
        panel.background = element_blank(), axis.line = element_line(colour = "black"))

#Save as plotly object then plot
gg2 <- plotly_build(gg2)
gg2

我也尝试添加以下内容，但什么也没做:

I also tried adding the following but it did nothing:

gg2$data[[1]]$text <- paste("Example I:", data$example1, "<br>",
                           "Example II:", data$example2, "<br>",
                           "Example III:", data$example3)

非常感谢任何帮助！

更新:我通过从 github 而不是 CRAN 安装更新了 plotly.使用这个更新的版本 (4.0.0) 我已经把它分开了.

UPDATE: I updated plotly by installing from github instead of CRAN. Using this updated version (4.0.0) I've made it apart of the way there.

gg2$x$data[[2]]$text <- paste("Example I:", data$example1, "<br>",
                             "Example II:", data$example2, "<br>",
                             "Example III:", data$example3)
gg2

现在发生的事情让我很困惑.这增加了一个与前一个分开的额外工具提示.这个新的工具提示正是我想要的，但是它们都出现了——不是一次出现，而是如果我移动鼠标的话.请看以下两张截图:

What happens now simply baffles me. This adds an additional tooltip separate from the previous one. This new tooltip is exactly what I want however both of them appear -not at once but if I move my mouse around. See the two screenshots below:

请注意，这些工具提示来自同一个单位 (Tirol).这可能是包中的错误吗?当显示其他图形(例如时间序列而不是地图)时，不会发生这种情况.另请注意，我指定了标签示例 I"(或 II 或 III)，这不会显示在我添加的新工具提示中.

Notice those tooltips are from the same unit (Tirol). Could this be a bug in the package? This does not occur when display other graphs such as a time-series instead of a map. Also note, that I assigned the label "Example I" (or II or III) and this does not show on the new tooltip I added.

更新 #2:我发现旧的工具提示(显示了 long 和 lat)只在悬停在边框上时出现，所以我摆脱了 geom_path(color="black",linetype=1) 命令(至于删除边框)，现在我已经成功解决了这个问题.但是，我仍然无法修改工具提示中显示的标签.

UPDATE #2: I figured out that the old tooltip (with long and lat shown) only appears when hovering over the borders so I got rid of the geom_path(color="black",linetype=1) command (as to remove the borders) and now I've managed to successfully solve that problem. However, I'm still unable to modify the labels that appear in the tooltip.

更新#3:我想出了如何编辑标签，但只有一个变量.这是坚果！这是我从头到尾的工作流程:

UPDATE #3: I figured out how to edit the labels but FOR ONLY ONE VARIABLE. Which is nuts! Here's my workflow from start to finish:

 #Load dependencies
    library(rgeos)
    library(stringr)
    library(rgdal)
    library(maptools)
    library(ggplot2)
    library(plotly)

    #Function to read shapefile from website
    dlshape=function(shploc, shpfile) {
      temp=tempfile()
      download.file(shploc, temp)
      unzip(temp)
      shp.data <- sapply(".", function(f) {
        fp <- file.path(temp, f)
        return(readOGR(".",shpfile))
      })
    }

    austria <- dlshape(shploc="http://biogeo.ucdavis.edu/data/gadm2.8/shp/AUT_adm_shp.zip", 
                       "AUT_adm1")[[1]]
    #Create random data to add as variables
    austria@data$example1<-sample(seq(from = 1, to = 100, by = 1), size = 11, replace = TRUE)
    austria@data$example2<-sample(seq(from = 1, to = 100, by = 1), size = 11, replace = TRUE)
    austria@data$example3<-sample(seq(from = 1, to = 100, by = 1), size = 11, replace = TRUE)

    #Fortify shapefile to use w/ ggplot
    austria.ft <- fortify(austria, region="ID_1")
    data<-merge(austria.ft, austria, region="id", by.x = "id", by.y = "ID_1")

    #Save as ggplot object    
    gg<-ggplot(data, aes(x = long, y = lat, fill = example1, group = group, text = paste("Province:", NAME_1))) + 
      geom_polygon(color="black", size=0.2) + 
      coord_equal() +
      scale_fill_gradient(low = "lightgrey", high = "darkred", name='Index') +xlab("")+ylab("") + 
      theme(axis.text = element_blank(), 
            axis.title = element_blank(), 
            axis.ticks = element_blank()) + 
      theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), 
            panel.background = element_blank(), axis.line = element_line(colour = "black")) + 
      theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), 
            panel.background = element_blank(), axis.line = element_line(colour = "black"))


gg <- plotly_build(gg)
gg

这会产生以下情节:

请注意，Province"现在大写(以前不是).诀窍是将 text = paste("Province:", NAME_1) 添加到美学中.但是，当我尝试使用 text2=paste("Example III:", example1) 添加其他标签更改时，会发生以下情况:

Notice that "Province" is now capitalized (it was not before). The trick was adding text = paste("Province:", NAME_1) to the aesthetics. HOWEVER, when I tried to add additional label changes using text2=paste("Example III:", example1), the following occurs:

请注意，它无法以与呈现 text1 相同的方式呈现 text2.因此，我只是尝试添加一个没有 text2 的副本，如下所示: text=paste("Example III:", example1) -这会产生以下奇怪的结果:

Notice that it cannot render text2 the same way it renders text1. So instead I simply try adding a duplicate without the text2 like in the following: text=paste("Example III:", example1) -which produces the following odd result:

我开始认为在 plotly 的 ggplot 转换中切换图例"选项这样简单的事情是不可能的.更新#4:所以我决定用另一种方式来解决这个问题.相反，我决定自己更改变量名.我会从一开始就这样做，除了我不确定 ggplot2 是否/如何接受带空格的变量 - 我发现 `variable` 可以工作.所以我继续并重新标记了变量.它有效-有点.问题是文本出现时带有引号.现在我需要一种方法来摆脱这些！！！有什么想法吗?谢谢！这是我在文本中引用的意思的图像:

I'm beginning to think something as simple as toggling "legend" options in plotly's ggplot conversion is impossible. UPDATE #4: So I decided to approach this another way. Instead, I decided to change the variable names themselves. I would have done this from the start, except I wasn't sure if/how ggplot2 accepts variables with spaces -i figured out `variable` that can work. So I went ahead and relabeled the variables. It works -KINDA. The problem is the text appears with the quotations marks around them. Now I need a way to get rid of these!!! Any ideas anyone? Thanks! Here is an image of what I mean by quotations in the text:

推荐答案

我也是 plotly 新手，但在使用 ggplotly() 时，我的 ggplot2 气泡图也遇到了类似的问题.我终于找到了一个适合我的解决方案，并认为它也可能对您有所帮助，尽管我还没有尝试将它用于等值线图.

I am new to plotly too but have come across a similar problem for my ggplot2 bubble plots when using ggplotly(). I have finally found a solution that works for me and thought it might help you, too, although I haven't tried it for choropleth maps.

您的第一个问题是自定义工具提示，以便显示数据集中的一些变量(包括未映射到美学的变量).
在您的 UPDATE#3 中，您将:text = paste("Province:", NAME_1) 引入您的 aes.如果要添加第二行自定义变量或文本，只需将其添加到括号中即可:text = paste("Province:", NAME_1, "Example III:", example1) 添加两者之间的换行符添加 <br> 在您希望中断的位置，例如:text = paste("Province:", NAME_1, "<br>", "例三:", example1)

Your first question was to customize the tooltip so it displays some of the variables in the dataset (including those not mapped to aesthetics).
In your UPDATE#3 you introduce:text = paste("Province:", NAME_1) into your aes. If you want to add a second line of custom variables or text, just keep adding it into the brackets:text = paste("Province:", NAME_1, "Example III:", example1) To add a line break between both add <br> in the spot where you want the break to be, like:text = paste("Province:", NAME_1, "<br>", "Example III:", example1)

您的第二个问题是自定义工具提示，使其不显示其他(默认)变量(映射到美学，例如坐标).
我发现对 ggplotly() 函数的这个非常简单的添加对我有用: ggplotly(gg, tooltip = c("text")) 在我的例子中，这删除了工具提示中显示的所有默认变量，只显示了上面使用 text 自定义指定的那些.您可以通过执行 ggplotly(gg, tooltip = c("text","x")) 添加其他变量.工具提示中显示的变量的顺序将与指定的顺序相同在 tooltip 参数中.我发现这里记录了这一点:https://github.com/ropensci/plotly/blob/master/R/ggplotly.R

Your second question was to customize the tooltip so it does NOT display other (default) variables (that are mapped to aesthetics, such as the coordinates).
I found this very easy addition to the ggplotly() function that did the trick for me: ggplotly(gg, tooltip = c("text")) In my case, this removed ALL default variables that are shown in the tooltip and only showed those that are custom specified with text above. You can add other variables back in by doing ggplotly(gg, tooltip = c("text","x")) The order of the variables shown in the tooltip will be the same as the order specified in the tooltip argument. I found this documented here: https://github.com/ropensci/plotly/blob/master/R/ggplotly.R

这个解决方案(原则上)对我使用 R 3.1.1 和 plotly 3.4.13 有效

This solution worked (in principle) for me using R 3.1.1 and plotly 3.4.13

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