TeX/LaTeX 的继任者在望吗? [英] Is a successor for TeX/LaTeX in sight?
问题描述
TeX/LaTeX 很棒，我在很多方面都使用它.它的一些优点是:
TeX/LaTeX is great, I use it in many ways. Some of its advantages are:
- 它使用文本文件，这样可以区分输入文件，并且存在许多处理文本的工具
- 非常灵活
- 它有一个稳定的布局:如果我在文档开头更改了某些内容，它不会影响文档末尾的其他内容
- 它有许多扩展来实现不同的目标(继任者会在没有扩展的情况下开始，但会有一个很好的扩展系统)
- 您可以使用标准的构建控制工具来支持复杂的文档(感谢 dmckee)
- 您可以封装解决方案并将其复制粘贴到新文档中或发送给其他人学习(感谢 dmckee)
但另一方面，有些小事情不太好:
But on the other hand some little things are not so good:
- 一开始很难学
- 图片位置控制很复杂
- 有些事情有点违反直觉
- 有时你必须输入太多(begin{itemize} ... end{itemize})
那么，是否存在 LaTeX 的继任者/替代品，或者至少是开发中替代品的一些热门候选者.一个真正的继任者/好的替代方案将保持优势并弥补劣势，或者至少是其中的一些.
So, does there exist a successor/alternative to LaTeX or at least is some hot candidate for an alternative in development. A real successor/good alternative would keep the advantages and fix the disadvantages, or at least some of them.
推荐答案
有一个LaTeX3 项目基本上一直在进行.从这个意义上说，它是当前 LaTeX2e 的继承者.
There is a LaTeX3 project that has been going on for basically forever. In that sense, it is a successor to the current LaTeX2e.
您忘记/忽略了创建 TeX 的主要目标——TeX 是一种新的排版系统，旨在创建精美的书籍".TeX 的目标是排版，它的主要关注点是将段落分成几行"(Donald E. Knuth 和 Michael F. Plass，Software--Practice and Experience，Vol. 11，pp. 1119-1184, 1981)、连字、字距调整、漂亮的字体(Knuth 与 Hermann Zapf 合作创建了像 AMS Euler 这样的字体)，以及对页面上文本布局的精确控制.
You forget/ignore the primary goal for TeX when it was created -- "TeX is a new typesetting system intended for the creation of beautiful books". The goal of TeX was typesetting, and its primary concerns were things like "Breaking Paragraphs Into Lines" (Donald E. Knuth and Michael F. Plass, Software--Practice and Experience, Vol. 11, pp. 1119-1184, 1981), ligatures, kerning, beautiful fonts (Knuth worked with Hermann Zapf in creating typefaces like AMS Euler), and precise control over layout of text on a page.
LaTeX 是后来建立在 TeX 之上的一组宏，它引入了文档管理"功能，例如方程式和部分的自动编号、交叉引用等.它来自LaTeX:文档准备系统".
LaTeX was a later set of macros built on top of TeX that introduced "document management" capabilities like automatic numbering of equations and sections, cross-referencing, and so on. It goes by "LaTeX: a document preparation system".
人们可以很好地想象 LaTeX 的继任者，提供 LaTeX 文档管理功能的替代品，并且可能做得更好——比如 DocBook.(嗯，它是基于 XML 的，但是……)但是很难想象有替代品会取代排版引擎本身的 TeX.TeX 可能是其中错误数量最少的程序之一——Knuth 为在 TeX 中发现的每个错误提供 327.68 美元，并且已经这样做了很长时间.以高德纳特有的对完美的追求，对其进行了很多思考.它的每个方面都是可配置的，代码是公共领域的(除了如果您进行修改必须用其他名称调用它的限制 - 这是因为 TeX 的目标是在任何机器上的任何地方排版相同的 TeX 文件世界应该在未来永远产生一个完全相同的文档)，并且已经写了关于 TeX:程序本身以及在 TeX 中发现的所有错误的书籍.
One can very well imagine successors to LaTeX, alternatives that offer LaTeX's document management capabilities, and perhaps do it better -- like DocBook. (Well it's based on XML, but...) But it is hard to imagine alternatives that will replace TeX, the typesetting engine itself. TeX is probably among the programs with the least number of bugs in it -- Knuth offers $327.68 for every bug found in TeX, and has done so for a long time. A lot of thought has gone into it, with Knuth's characteristic pursuit of perfection. Every aspect of it is configurable, the code is public domain (well except for the restriction that if you make modifications you must call it by some other name -- this is because of TeX's goal that the same TeX file typeset on any machine anywhere in the world should produce an exactly identical-looking document forever into the future), and books have been written about TeX: The Program itself, and also about all the bugs that were discovered in TeX.
TeX 的一些想法已被纳入 Adobe 的 Indesign(例如)，那些排版引擎也有一些创新的想法，但 TeX 仍然具有优势.[注意:Knuth 并不打算让 TeX 永远成为标准，只是在接下来的 100 年左右"，直到出现更好的东西.据我们所知，可能.]
Some of TeX's ideas have been incorporated into Adobe's Indesign (for example), and those typesetting engines too have some innovative ideas, but TeX still remains superior. [Note: Knuth didn't intend TeX to be the standard forever, only "for the next 100 years or so" until something better comes along. For all we know, one might.]
有基于 TeX 的 LaTeX 替代品，例如 ConTeXt 和 LuaTeX.可能有一些任务更适合它们.
There are TeX-based alternatives to LaTeX, such as ConTeXt and LuaTeX. It is possible that there are tasks for which they are better suited.
回答您的其他反对意见:虽然 LaTeX 可能引入了不必要的复杂性，但学习中的 TeX 部分是不可避免的——如果您想创建精美的书籍，那么您拥有一些东西要知道，无论如何.并且不难控制图像的位置；TeX 旨在让您控制页面上的每个 point，但要行使这一点控制你可能不得不超越简单的结构(虽然我从来没有...)如果你使用一个好的编辑器或宏，你不必输入太多 egin{itemize} ... 结束{itemize}；这只是一个蹩脚的抱怨:P
To answer your other objections: Although LaTeX has possibly introduced more complexity than is necessary, the TeX part of the learning is unavoidable -- if you want to create beautiful books there are some things you have to know, no matter what. And it is not hard to control position of images; TeX was designed to give you control over every point on the page, but to exercise that control you may have to go beyond the simple constructs (although I've never had to...) And if you use a good editor or macros, you won't have to type too much egin{itemize} ... end{itemize}; that's just a lame complaint :P
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