C#从字符串名称实例化一个类 [英] C# Instantiate a Class from String name

问题描述

让多个类做很多事情，我必须实例化其中一个类，填充一些属性并调用一个方法。示例将具有以下方法，例如

        public class Method100Response201
    {
        public string R1_01 { get; set; }
        public void DoSpecialThing()
        { Console.WriteLine ("Something Blue..}"); }
    }
    public class Method100Response404
    {
        public string R2_01 { get; set; }
        public void DoSpecialThing()
        { Console.WriteLine ("Something Old..}"); }
    }
    public class Method110Response200
    {
        public string R3_01 { get; set; }
        public void DoSpecialThing()
        { Console.WriteLine ("Something New..}"); }
    }

它们都在同一个命名空间中的Program类中，我有机制来找出我需要哪个类：

       static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        int[] MethodResponse = DoSomethingHere (23, "something", true);
        string DerivedClassName = ResponseModel(MethodResponse[0], MethodResponse[1]);
        Console.WriteLine (
            "For method " + MethodResponse[0].ToString () 
            + " and response " + MethodResponse[1].ToString ()
            + " you must instantiate Class " 
            + DerivedClassName);
        Console.ReadKey ();

        //how do I do this????
        //const string objectToInstantiate = "MyProject.Domain.MyNewTestClass, MyTestProject";
        //var objectType = Type.GetType (objectToInstantiate);
        //dynamic instantiatedObject = Activator.CreateInstance (objectType) as ITestClass;
        // set a property value
        //instantiatedObject.Name = DerivedClassName;
        // get a property value
        //string name = instantiatedObject.Name;

        // call a method - output "Something Blue.."
        //Console.Write (instantiatedObject.DoSpecialThing ());

    }

    public static int[] DoSomethingHere (int param1, string param2, bool whatever)
    {
        int firstInt = 0; int secondInt = 0;
        //
        //lots of work here, I end up with method and selector.. 
        //
        firstInt = 100;
        secondInt = 201;
        return new int[] { firstInt, secondInt };
    }

    public static string ResponseModel(int method, int response)
    {
        string returnClass = String.Empty;

        switch (method)
            {
            case 100:
                if (response == 201)
                { Console.WriteLine ("Case 100,201"); returnClass = "Method100Response201"; }
                else
                { Console.WriteLine ("Case 100,404"); returnClass = "Method100Response404"; }
                break;
            case 110:
                Console.WriteLine ("Case 100,404"); returnClass = "Method110Response200";
                break;
            case 120:
                // ...
                break;
            }
        return returnClass;
    }

我试过一种叫做激活器的东西，我不是专家，这对我来说真的很关键。有没有人能帮帮我？(我留下了对我正在尝试的一些代码的评论，基于在So中发布的解决方案。谢谢)。

推荐答案

这个技术叫反射，意思是从字符串调用实例。 我的调用类将是

public class Class1
{
    public string Property { get; set; } = "I'm class1";
    public void DoSpecialThings()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Class1 does special things");
    }
}

接下来，我在一个静态函数中创建一个实例，应该将您的所有类放在同一个命名空间中以便于控制

    public static dynamic GetClassFromString(string className)
    {
        var classAddress = $"NetCoreScripts.{className}";
        Type type = GetType(classAddress);

        // Check whether the class is existed?
        if (type == null)
            return null;

        // Then create an instance
        object instance = Activator.CreateInstance(type);

        return instance;
    }

和GetType方法

    public static Type GetType(string strFullyQualifiedName)
    {
        Type type = Type.GetType(strFullyQualifiedName);
        if (type != null)
            return type;
        foreach (var asm in AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies())
        {
            type = asm.GetType(strFullyQualifiedName);
            if (type != null)
                return type;
        }
        return null;
    }

我用动态类型来快速实现，基本上可以用接口显式编码。

    static async Task Main(string[] args)
    {
        dynamic instance = GetClassFromString("Class1");

        Console.WriteLine(instance.GetType().FullName); //NetCoreScripts.Class1

        Console.WriteLine(instance.GetType().Name); //Class1

        Console.WriteLine(instance.Property); //I'm class1

        instance.Property = "Class1 has been changed";
        Console.WriteLine(instance.Property); //Class1 has been changed

        instance.DoSpecialThings(); // Class1 does special things
    }

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