与AWK打印XML元素 [英] Print XML element with AWK

问题描述

我如何打印的XML元素的内容 - 从开始标记到结束标记 - 使用AWK

How do I print the contents of an XML element - from the starting tag to the closing tag - using AWK?

例如，请考虑以下XML：

For example, consider the following XML:

<flight>
    <airline>Delta</airline>
    <flightno>22</flightno>
    <origin>Atlanta</origin>
    <destination>Paris</destination>
    <departure>5:40pm</departure>
    <arrival>8:10am</arrival>
</flight>
<city id="AT"> 
       <cityname>Athens</cityname> 
       <state>GA</state>
       <description> Home of the University of Georgia</description>
       <population>100,000</population>
       <location>Located about 60 miles Northeast of Atlanta</location>
       <latitude>33 57' 39" N</latitude>
       <longitude>83 22' 42" W</longitude>
</city>

所需的输出可能是城市元素的内容，可以从＆LT;城市...＆GT; 来＆LT; /城市的方式＆gt;

The desired output could be contents of the city element, from <city...> to </city>.

推荐答案

这解析像AWK工具，XML和sed是不完美的解决方案。你不能依赖于XML总是有一个人类可读的布局。例如，某些Web服务会忽略新线，导致出现在一行整个XML文档英寸

Solutions that parse XML with tools like awk and sed are imperfect. You cannot rely on XML always having a human readable layout. For example some web services will omit new-lines, resulting in the entire XML document appearing on one line.

我会建议使用xmllint，其中有选择使用XPATH，专为XML查询语言节点。

I would recommend using xmllint, which has the ability to select nodes using XPATH, a query language designed for XML.

以下命令将选择城市标签：

The following command will select the city tags:

xmllint --xpath "//city" data.xml

XPath是非常有用的。它使XML文档寻址的每一个部分：

XPath is extremely useful. It makes the every part of the XML document addressable:

xmllint --xpath "string(//city[1]/@id)" data.xml

返回字符串AT。

Returns the string "AT".

这一次回到城市标签的第一次出现。 xmllint也可以用来pretty打印结果

This time return the first occurrence of the "city" tag. xmllint can also be used to pretty print the result:

$ xmllint --xpath "//city[1]" data.xml  | xmllint -format -
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<city id="AT">
  <cityname>Athens</cityname>
  <state>GA</state>
  <description> Home of the University of Georgia</description>
  <population>100,000</population>
  <location>Located about 60 miles Northeast of Atlanta</location>
  <latitude>33 57' 39" N</latitude>
  <longitude>83 22' 42" W</longitude>
</city>

data.xml中

在此相同的数据的第一个城市的标签似乎都在一行。这是有效的XML。

data.xml

In this same data the first "city" tag appears all on one line. This is valid XML.

<data>
  <flight>
    <airline>Delta</airline>
    <flightno>22</flightno>
    <origin>Atlanta</origin>
    <destination>Paris</destination>
    <departure>5:40pm</departure>
    <arrival>8:10am</arrival>
  </flight>
  <city id="AT"> <cityname>Athens</cityname> <state>GA</state> <description> Home of the University of Georgia</description> <population>100,000</population> <location>Located about 60 miles Northeast of Atlanta</location> <latitude>33 57' 39" N</latitude> <longitude>83 22' 42" W</longitude> </city>
  <city id="DUB">
    <cityname>Dublin</cityname>
    <state>Dub</state>
    <description> Dublin</description>
    <population>1,500,000</population>
    <location>Ireland</location>
    <latitude>NA</latitude>
    <longitude>NA</longitude>
  </city>
</data>

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