使用mv命令将无法识别*作为通配符 [英] Using mv command won't recognize * as wildcard

问题描述

我有这样的剧本，我知道awk命令在它的工作原理，但是当我想用文件同名保存输出它使用 MV 命令 * 不使用通配符，而是作为一个性格和我结束了用这样的名称的文件：

  

Algeria_BER _ * _ sites.txt

脚本：

 ＃！/斌/庆典因为我在Algeria_BER
做 回声的awk'FNR == {NR一个[++ i] = $ 0;接下来} {打印[FNR] RS $ 0}'\\
     reduced_filt_MAF_b37_chr1 _ $ {I} _ldhat.txt_names $ {I} _ * _ sites.txt＆GT; $$ TMP和放大器;＆安培;
   MV $$。TMP$ {I} _ * _ sites.txtDONE
 

解决方案

的 MV 命令无法识别 * 通配符;外壳一样。

这

 富* .TXT
 

扩展到所有文件在当前目录中其名称以富列表和 .TXT 结束。如果你通过富* .TXT 作为参数传递给 MV 的 MV 命令不会看到 * ;它只能看到的文件的列表。

这意味着，如果你有文件 foo1.txt 和 foo2.txt ，这样的：

  MV富* .TXT酒吧* .TXT
 

会的不的重命名 foo1.txt 到 bar1.txt 和 foo2.txt 到 bar2.txt - 因为酒吧* .TXT 只能扩展到一个列表文件的已经存在的。如果有匹配的酒吧* .TXT 不存在的文件，那么上面的扩展为：

  MV foo1.txt foo2.txt bar42.txt
 

这是一个错误，除非 bar42.txt 恰好是一个目录。这将扩大各种其它方式取决于哪些文件发生的时刻存在 - 他们都不很可能是你想要的东西。

如果没有文件匹配给定的通配符的行为取决于外壳和当前设置。在庆典，使用默认设置，通配符只是没有展开 - 这可能是为什么你得到一个文件中的 * 在其名称中。

有批量重命名工具，将你想要做什么（我没有用他们自己）。

另一种方法我经常使用的是文件列表到一个文本文件，手动编辑该文件，然后运行它作为一个脚本。例如，我可以做到这一点：

  LS富* .TXT＆GT; TMP
 

然后手动编辑 TMP 把每行成我想要做什么的命令：

  foo1.txt
foo2.txt
 

- >

  MV foo1.txt bar1.txt
MV foo2.txt bar2.txt
 

然后运行命令：

 。 ./tmp
 

I have this script, and I know the awk command in it works, but when I want to save the output using the same name of the file it used to do the task using the mv command the * is not used as a wildcard but instead as a character and I end up with a file with a name like this:

Algeria_BER_*_sites.txt

The script:

#!/bin/bash

for i in Algeria_BER 
do

 echo awk 'FNR==NR{a[++i]=$0;next} {print a[FNR] RS $0}' \
     reduced_filt_MAF_b37_chr1_${i}_ldhat.txt_names ${i}_*_sites.txt > $$.tmp &&
   mv $$.tmp "${i}_*_sites.txt"

done

解决方案

The mv command doesn't recognize the * wildcard; the shell does.

This:

foo*.txt

expands to a list of all files in the current directory whose names start with foo and end with .txt. If you pass foo*.txt as an argument to mv, the mv command never sees the *; it only sees the list of files.

Which means that if you have files foo1.txt and foo2.txt, this:

mv foo*.txt bar*.txt

will not rename foo1.txt to bar1.txt and foo2.txt to bar2.txt -- because bar*.txt can only expand to a list of files that already exist. If there are no existing files matching bar*.txt, then the above expands to:

mv foo1.txt foo2.txt bar42.txt

which is an error unless bar42.txt happens to be a directory. It will expand in various other ways depending on what files happen to exist at the moment -- and none of them are likely to be what you want.

If there are no file matching a given wildcard, the behavior depends on the shell and your current settings. In bash, with default settings, the wildcard just isn't expanded -- which is probably why you're getting a file with a * in its name.

There are bulk rename tools that will do what you want (I haven't used them myself).

Another approach I often use is to list the files to a text file, edit the file manually, and then run it as a script. For example, I might do this:

ls foo*.txt > tmp

then manually edit tmp to turn each line into a command that does what I want:

foo1.txt
foo2.txt

-->

mv foo1.txt bar1.txt
mv foo2.txt bar2.txt

and then run the command:

. ./tmp

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