我如何使用sudo执行bash的功能？ [英] How can I execute a bash function using sudo?

问题描述

我试过导出函数，然后使用bash执行它，但是，这并不工作：​​

  $出口-f my_func，并将
$ sudo的庆典-c'my_func，并将
庆典：my_func，并将：命令未找到
 

如果我尝试运行使用bash的功能没有sudo（bash的-c'my_func，并将'），它的工作原理。

任何想法？

解决方案

从 bmargulies 答案开始，我写了一个函数来弥补这一问题，基本上实现了自己的想法。

 ＃~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~＃
＃EXESUDO
＃~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~＃
＃
＃用途：
＃------------------------------------------------- -------------------＃
＃执行使用sudo功能
＃
＃PARAMS：
＃------------------------------------------------- -------------------＃
＃$ 1：字符串：函数的名称，使用sudo执行
＃
＃用途：
＃------------------------------------------------- -------------------＃
＃exesudofuncname的后面的任何参数
＃
＃------------------------------------------------- -------------------＃
＃创建2012年9月1日最后修改02 2012年9月功能exesudo（）
{
    ### ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ##
    ＃
    ＃局部变量：
    ＃
    ### ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ##    ＃
    ＃我使用下划线记住它已经过去了
    当地_funcname _ =$ 1    当地PARAMS =（$ @）##包含所有PARAMS这里传递的数组
    当地TMPFILE =的/ dev / shm的/ $ RANDOM##的临时文件
    临时文件的本地filecontent ##内容
    当地正则表达式##定期EX pression
    当地FUNC功能##来源
    ### ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ##
    ＃
    ＃主code：
    ＃
    ### ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ##    ＃
    ＃工作PARAMS：
    ＃~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~    ＃
    ＃移位所述第一参数（这是函数名）
    未设置PARAMS [0] ##取出第一个元素
    ＃PARAMS =（$ {PARAMS [@]}）##重新包装阵列
    ＃
    ＃工作的临时文件：
    ＃~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~    内容=＃！/斌/ bash的\\ n \\ n    ＃
    ＃写参数数组
    内容=$ {}内容PARAMS =（\\ N    正则表达式=\\ S +
    在参数$ {PARAMS [@]}
    做
        如果[$参数=〜$正则表达式]
            然后
                内容=$ {}内容\\ t \\$ {参数} \\\\ n
            其他
                内容=$ {}内容\\ T $ {参数} \\ n
        科幻
    DONE    内容=$内容）\\ n
    回声-e$内容＆GT; $ TMPFILE    ＃
    ＃附加功能源
    回声＃$（类型为$ ​​_funcname_）＆GT;＆GT; $ TMPFILE    ＃
    ＃追加调用函数
    回声-e\\ n _funcname_ $ \\\\ $ {PARAMS [@]} \\\\ n＆GT;＆GT; $ TMPFILE
    ＃
    ＃DONE：执行临时文件使用sudo
    ＃~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    sudo的庆典$ TMPFILE
    RM$ TMPFILE
}
 

搜索结果
用法示例：
结果运行下面的代码片段

 ＃！/斌/庆典功能exesudo（）
{
    ＃在这里复制previous exesudo功能！
}test_it_out（）
{
    当地PARAMS =（$ @）
    回声你好$（WHOAMI）！
    回声你通过了以下params：一个
    printf的％S \\ n$ {PARAMS [@]}##打印阵列
}回声1.调用没有sudo
test_it_out第一第二回声
回声2.使用sudo调用
exesudo test_it_out -n约翰·多恩-s完成出口
 

搜索结果
将输出

  

  

1. 调用没有sudo结果
     您好提供yourname！结果
     你通过了以下params：一个结果
     第一个结果
     第二个结果


  

2. 使用sudo结果调用
     您好根！结果
     你通过了以下params：一个结果
     -n结果
     约翰·多恩结果
     -s结果
     富结果


  

搜索结果
如果你需要使用这个在shell调用这是在您的.bashrc中定义的函数，要求对<一个类似的问题href=\"http://serverfault.com/questions/177699/how-can-i-execute-a-bash-function-with-sudo/423546#423546\">serverfault由其他用户，那么你必须把previous exesudo功能上相同的的.bashrc 文件，以及像如下：

 函数yourfunc（）
{
回声你好$（WHOAMI）！
}
出口-f yourfunc功能exesudo（）
{
   ＃复制到这里
}
出口-f exesudo
 

搜索结果
然后，你必须注销并重新登录或使用

 源的〜/ .bashrc
 

搜索结果
最后，你可以使用exesudo如下：

  $ yourfunc
您好提供yourname！$ exesudo yourfunc
您好根！
 

I tried exporting the function and then executing it with bash, but that doesn't work:

$ export -f my_func
$ sudo bash -c 'my_func' 
bash: my_func: command not found

If I try to run the function with bash without sudo (bash -c 'my_func'), it works.

Any idea?

解决方案

Starting from the answer of bmargulies, I wrote a function to cover this issue, which basically realizes his idea.

# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ #
# EXESUDO
# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ #
#
# Purpose:
# -------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# Execute a function with sudo
#
# Params:
# -------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# $1:   string: name of the function to be executed with sudo
#
# Usage:
# -------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# exesudo "funcname" followed by any param
#
# -------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# Created 01 September 2012              Last Modified 02 September 2012

function exesudo ()
{
    ### ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ##
    #
    # LOCAL VARIABLES:
    #
    ### ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ##

    #
    # I use underscores to remember it's been passed
    local _funcname_="$1"

    local params=( "$@" )               ## array containing all params passed here
    local tmpfile="/dev/shm/$RANDOM"    ## temporary file
    local filecontent                   ## content of the temporary file
    local regex                         ## regular expression
    local func                          ## function source


    ### ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ##
    #
    # MAIN CODE:
    #
    ### ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ##

    #
    # WORKING ON PARAMS:
    # ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    #
    # Shift the first param (which is the name of the function)
    unset params[0]              ## remove first element
    # params=( "${params[@]}" )     ## repack array


    #
    # WORKING ON THE TEMPORARY FILE:
    # ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    content="#!/bin/bash\n\n"

    #
    # Write the params array
    content="${content}params=(\n"

    regex="\s+"
    for param in "${params[@]}"
    do
        if [[ "$param" =~ $regex ]]
            then
                content="${content}\t\"${param}\"\n"
            else
                content="${content}\t${param}\n"
        fi
    done

    content="$content)\n"
    echo -e "$content" > "$tmpfile"

    #
    # Append the function source
    echo "#$( type "$_funcname_" )" >> "$tmpfile"

    #
    # Append the call to the function
    echo -e "\n$_funcname_ \"\${params[@]}\"\n" >> "$tmpfile"


    #
    # DONE: EXECUTE THE TEMPORARY FILE WITH SUDO
    # ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    sudo bash "$tmpfile"
    rm "$tmpfile"
}

Example of usage:
running the following snippet

#!/bin/bash

function exesudo ()
{
    # copy here the previous exesudo function !!!
}

test_it_out ()
{
    local params=( "$@" )
    echo "Hello "$( whoami )"!"
    echo "You passed the following params:"
    printf "%s\n" "${params[@]}" ## print array
}

echo "1. calling without sudo"
test_it_out "first" "second"

echo ""
echo "2. calling with sudo"
exesudo test_it_out -n "john done" -s "done"

exit

Will output

1. calling without sudo
   Hello yourname!
   You passed the following params:
   first
   second
   

2. calling with sudo
   Hello root!
   You passed the following params:
   -n
   john done
   -s
   foo
   

If you need to use this in a shell calling a function which is defined in your bashrc, as asked with a similar question on serverfault by another user, then you have to put the previous exesudo function on the same bashrc file as well, like the following:

function yourfunc ()
{
echo "Hello "$( whoami )"!"
}
export -f yourfunc

function exesudo ()
{
   # copy here
}
export -f exesudo

Then you have to logout and login again or use

source ~/.bashrc

Finally you can use exesudo as follow:

$ yourfunc
Hello yourname!

$ exesudo yourfunc
Hello root!

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