如何建立并内置rpath的安装gcc？ [英] How to build and install gcc with built-in rpath?

问题描述

我试图构建和安装自己的gcc 4.7.2在/ usr /本地到位在/ usr在gcc 4.4.6的使用。 （这是在CentOS 6.3）。

I'm trying to build and install my own gcc 4.7.2 in /usr/local to use in place of the gcc 4.4.6 in /usr. (This is on CentOS 6.3.)

GCC使得可执行文件和动态库动态链接到自己的动态库，例如的libstdc ++。所以。我该如何建立并安装GCC，以便生成的二进制文件自动获得，导致动态库在/ usr /本地/ lib64下要链接，而不是那些在/ usr /链接器-rpath选项（-rpath在/ usr /本地/ lib64下） lib64下或/ lib64目录？

gcc makes executables and dynamic libraries that dynamically link to its own dynamic libraries, e.g. libstdc++.so. How do I build and install gcc so that the generated binaries automatically get a linker -rpath option (-rpath /usr/local/lib64) that causes dynamic libraries in /usr/local/lib64 to be linked instead of those in /usr/lib64 or /lib64?

如果它工作正常，当我建立与海湾合作委员会的可执行文件，而无需指定-Wl，-rpath =的/ usr /本地/ lib64目录，当我的LDD可执行文件，它应该显示在/ usr /本地/ lib64目录/ ++的libstdc .so.6而不是/usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6。同样，对于libgcc_s.so.1。

If it works properly, after I build an executable with the gcc without specifying "-Wl,-rpath=/usr/local/lib64", when I ldd the executable, it should show /usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 instead of /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6. Similarly for the libgcc_s.so.1.

我曾尝试不同的方法，包括指定LDFLAGS_FOR_TARGET = -Wl，-rpath =的/ usr /本地/ lib64下，-rpath =在/ usr / local / lib目录上的配置命令行，但毫无效果。

I have tried different approaches, including specifying LDFLAGS_FOR_TARGET=-Wl,-rpath=/usr/local/lib64,-rpath=/usr/local/lib on the 'configure' command-line, but nothing worked.

推荐答案

如果您不希望导出路径有一个替代的解决方案：

If you don't want to export paths there's an alternative solution:

你的 PATH工具​​链：

gcc -dumpspecs > specsfile

修改 specsfile 节中的链接添加 -rpath 例如：

*link:
%{!static:--eh-frame-hdr} -m %(link_emulation) %{shared:-shared}   %{!shared:     %{!static:       %{rdynamic:-export-dynamic}       -dynamic-linker %(dynamic_linker)}       %{static:-static}} -rpath /usr/local/lib64

在这一点上，如果它与工作，你可以测试：

at this point you can test if it work with:

g++ -specs=specsfile test.cpp
readelf -d a.out |grep RPATH

如果它工作，你可以把它永久（无需通过 -specs 每次）

if it work you can make it permanent (no need to pass -specs everytime)

strace -fF -o /tmp/g++.log g++ test.cpp
grep specs /tmp/g++.log

grep的应该显示的路径，其中 GCC 查找默认规格文件。

借助规格文件非常灵活，允许根据条件链接变量，例如：

The specs files are flexible enough to allow conditional linking depending on variables, example:

{!static: %{mabi=n32:-rpath-link %R/lib32:%R/usr/lib32} %{mabi=64:-rpath-link %R/lib64:%R/usr/lib64} %{mabi=32:-rpath-link %R/lib:%R/usr/lib}}

应该使用依赖于多个不同的路径金马碧（未经测试，还），％R 应该是 SYSROOT 路径，可以使用所需的完整路径被改变。

should use different and multiple paths depending on mabi (untested, yet), %R should be the sysroot path, can be changed with needed full path.

还有一个 - 与-规格= 选项的 GCC配置最终将在构建时使用，不清楚我又如何与链接部分（它的工作）来使用。

There's also a --with-specs= option gcc configure eventually to be used at build time, not clear to me yet how to use with the link section (working on it).

--with-specs="%{shared:-Wl,-rpath -Wl,$(DESTDIR)/lib}%{!shared:-Wl,-rpath -Wl,$(DESTDIR)/lib}"

这工作，我同时使用共享，而不是！共享只是用于测试，可能是一些更聪明的条件应该是使用时，请注意，它不与 -dumpspecs 的报道。

It work, I used both shared and not !shared just for test, probably some smarter condition should be used, note that it isn't reported with -dumpspecs.

通过gcc的邮件列表，我有IM pression 规格不被大家所喜欢的某个线程读取（但如果我没看错4.9附加另一种选择 - 与 - 超规格），而不是preferred办法做这样的自定义似乎是 configure.host ，但我做的，而不是寻找到它，玩得开心！ ： - ）

Reading through some thread of the gcc mailing list I had the impression specs aren't liked by everyone (but if I'm not wrong 4.9 add another option --with-extra-specs) instead preferred way to do such customizations appears to be configure.host, but I'm done and not looking into it, have fun! :-)

又见： gcc的常见问题解答rpath的

更新以上

我不知道你是否可以设置一个pre定义的 rpath的，也许你可以将在链接 LD 的binutils 的不 GCC / G ++ ，但为什么要这么做？

I don't know if you can set a pre-defined rpath, probably if you can would be in the linker ld of binutils not in gcc/g++, but why would you do that?

刚出口 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 在运行时和 LD_RUN_PATH 在构建时

Just export LD_LIBRARY_PATH at runtime and LD_RUN_PATH at build time

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
ldd a.out

LDD 应显示导出的路径。

要引用时共享库与内置的libtool给出的消息：

To quote a message given when a shared library is built with libtool:

如果你碰巧要在给定的目录，LIBDIR，您必须使用libtool的，对安装库链接，并指定库的完整路径，或在连接时使用`-LLIBDIR'标志，并做至少以下之一：

If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR' flag during linking and do at least one of the following:

  
• 执行过程中添加LIBDIR到'LD_LIBRARY_PATH'环境变量

  
• 连接过程中添加LIBDIR到`LD_RUN_PATH'环境变量

  
• 使用`轮候册， - rpath的轮候册，LIBDIR链接器标记

  
• 有您的系统管理员添加到LIBDIR /etc/ld.so.conf中`

  

请参阅任何操作系统文档有关的共享库
  更多信息，如LD（1）和ld.so（8）手册页。

See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.

完整性
在的Makefile 我用来测试的东西，所有的配置选项，环境变量（见启动LDFLAGS）我试过没有工作， - 启用-rpath 包括在内。

for completeness the Makefile I used for testing the thing, all the configure options, environment variables (see boot ldflags) I tried didn't work, --enable-rpath included.

与使用的mkdir〜/ GCC 复制下面的的Makefile 到〜/ gcc的然后 CD〜/ GCC和放大器;＆安培;使堆积的gcc

的通知使用的选项仅适用于本次测试的情况下，不作为参考使用。

notice the options used are only for this test case, don't use as reference.

FETCH = aria2c --file-allocation=none -c -d dl
NICE = nice -n 19
PARALLEL = -j4
DESTDIR = $(HOME)/gcc/install
SRCDIR = $(HOME)/gcc/src

all:

# if more downloads are added just remove {dl,src}/*-my-stamp not the .bak
# the .bak should avoid to rebuild targets because of timestamp
touch_stamp = if [ -f $@.bak ]; then \
        touch -r $@.bak $@; \
    else \
        touch $@ $@.bak; \
    fi

dl/dl-my-stamp:
    $(FETCH) https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-4.7.2/gcc-4.7.2.tar.bz2
    $(FETCH) http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gmp/gmp-4.3.2.tar.bz2
    $(FETCH) ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/mpc-0.8.1.tar.gz
    $(FETCH) https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/mpfr/mpfr-2.4.2.tar.bz2
    $(FETCH) --check-certificate=false http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/sourceware.org/pub/binutils/snapshots/binutils-2.24.51.tar.bz2 \
        ftp://sourceware.org/pub/binutils/snapshots/binutils-2.24.51.tar.bz2
    $(touch_stamp)

untar_dep = src/untar-my-stamp
src/untar-my-stamp: dl/dl-my-stamp
    mkdir -p src
    tar -C src -xjf dl/gcc-4.7.2.tar.bz2
    tar -C src -xjf dl/gmp-4.3.2.tar.bz2
    tar -C src -xzf dl/mpc-0.8.1.tar.gz
    tar -C src -xjf dl/mpfr-2.4.2.tar.bz2
    tar -C src -xjf dl/binutils-2.24.51.tar.bz2
    $(touch_stamp)

define configure-rule
$(1)_install = $(DESTDIR)/$(1)-install-my-stamp
$(1)_builddir = $$($(1)_dir)/build
$(DESTDIR)/$(1)-install-my-stamp: $$($(1)_deps)
    mkdir -p $$($(1)_builddir)
    cd $$($(1)_builddir) && \
        $$($(1)_env) ../configure --cache-file=$(SRCDIR)/$(1)-config.cache \
            $$($(1)_configure)
    $(NICE) make -C $$($(1)_builddir) $$($(1)_make_target) $(PARALLEL)
ifneq ($$($(1)_post_make),)
    $$($(1)_post_make)
endif
    touch $$@
.PHONY: build-$(1) clean-$(1)
build-$(1): $$($(1)_install)
clean-$(1):
    -rm -fr $$($(1)_builddir)
endef

gmp_dir = src/gmp-4.3.2
gmp_env =   CONFIG_SITE=$(SRCDIR)/config.site
gmp_configure = --prefix=$(DESTDIR) \
                --disable-shared --enable-static --enable-cxx
gmp_deps = $(untar_dep)
gmp_make_target = install
$(eval $(call configure-rule,gmp))

mpfr_dir = src/mpfr-2.4.2
mpfr_env =  CONFIG_SITE=$(SRCDIR)/config.site
mpfr_configure = --prefix=$(DESTDIR) \
                --disable-shared --enable-static \
                --with-gmp=$(DESTDIR)
mpfr_deps = $(untar_dep) $(gmp_install)
mpfr_make_target = install
$(eval $(call configure-rule,mpfr))

mpc_dir = src/mpc-0.8.1
mpc_env =   CONFIG_SITE=$(SRCDIR)/config.site
mpc_configure = --prefix=$(DESTDIR) \
                --disable-shared --enable-static \
                --with-gmp=$(DESTDIR) --with-mpfr=$(DESTDIR)
mpc_deps = $(untar_dep) $(gmp_install) $(mpfr_install)
mpc_make_target = install
$(eval $(call configure-rule,mpc))

gcc_dir = src/gcc-4.7.2
gcc_env =   CONFIG_SITE=$(SRCDIR)/config.site \
    CFLAGS="-I/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu" \
    CXXFLAGS="-I/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu"
gcc_configure = --prefix=$(DESTDIR) \
                --libdir=$(DESTDIR)/lib \
                --with-local-prefix=$(DESTDIR) \
                --with-gmp=$(DESTDIR) --with-mpfr=$(DESTDIR) \
                --with-mpc=$(DESTDIR) \
                --disable-bootstrap \
                --enable-languages=c,c++ \
                --disable-libgomp --disable-multilib \
                --disable-libmudflap --disable-libssp \
                --disable-libquadmath \
                --enable-rpath \
                MAKEINFO=missing
gcc_deps = $(untar_dep) $(gmp_install) $(mpfr_install) $(mpc_install)
gcc_make_target = 
gcc_post_make = make -C $(gcc_builddir) install
$(eval $(call configure-rule,gcc))

binutils_dir = src/binutils-2.24.51
#binutils_env = LDFLAGS=-Wl,-rpath\ $(DESTDIR)/lib
binutils_env = CONFIG_SITE=$(SRCDIR)/config.site \
    CFLAGS="-I/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu" \
    BOOT_LDFLAGS="-rpath-link=$(DESTDIR)/lib -rpath=$(DESTDIR)/lib"
binutils_configure = --prefix=$(DESTDIR) \
                --libdir=$(DESTDIR)/lib \
                --with-gmp=$(DESTDIR) \
                --enable-rpath
binutils_deps = $(untar_dep) $(gmp_install)
#binutils_make_target = install
binutils_post_make = make -C $(binutils_builddir) install
$(eval $(call configure-rule,binutils))


.PHONY: env
env:
    @echo export PATH=$(DESTDIR)/bin:\$$PATH
    @echo export LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu

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