省略Lua的标准库的最佳方式？ [英] Best way to omit Lua standard libraries?

问题描述

什么是删除或省略一个Lua标准库包的最佳方式？例如删除 OS库函数在某一特定环境的。有问题的项目从源文件建立的Lua，所以我的可以编辑源，虽然我宁愿做它通过如果可能的话API。

What is the best way to remove or omit a Lua standard library package? For example remove the os library functions in a particular environment. The project in question is building Lua from the source files so I can edit the source, although I would rather do it through the API if possible.

推荐答案

请查看源代码包文件 luaconf.h 容易获得大多数编译时配置，作为用于 lua_Number 的实际类型。

See the file luaconf.h in the source kit for easy access to most compile-time configuration such as the actual type used for lua_Number.

请查看源代码包文件 linit.c 对于那些通过调用 luaL_openlibs（）。

See the file linit.c in the source kit for the list of core libraries that are loaded by calling luaL_openlibs().

通常的做法是将该文件复制到你的应用程序的源代码，并修改它以满足您的需求，调用该副本的 luaL_openlibs（）到位的核心版本。如果你是私人编译Lua和不链接到库的pre-生成的二进制文件之一，那么你可以找到做适合您的需要的等效的方法。

Common practice is to copy that file to your application's source, and modify it to suit your needs, calling that copy's luaL_openlibs() in place of the core version. If you are compiling Lua privately and not linking to one of the pre-built binaries of the library, then you can find a method to do the equivalent that suits your needs.

当然，你也不需要编译或链接任何库的来源（如操作系统在 loslib找到。 ç），你选择离开了 luaL_openlibs（）。

Of course, you also don't need to compile or link to the sources for any library (such as os, found in loslib.c) that you choose to leave out of luaL_openlibs().

这是你可能无法离开了完全的唯一库是一个提供之类的东西对（）， ipairs（）基库， PCALL（），的ToString（），以及更多的可真不方便无。当移植到一个环境，其中一些是有问题的，它通常是一个好主意，在其实施密切关注lbaselib.c ，要么修剪功能，从它或它们重新实现满足您的需求。

The only library that you probably can't leave out completely is the base library that provides things like pairs(), ipairs(), pcall(), tostring(), and lots more that can be really inconvenient to do without. When porting to an environment where some of these are problematic, it is usually a good idea to look closely at its implementation in lbaselib.c and either trim features from it or reimplement them to suit your needs.

编辑：

要包括跨preTER库的不同名单另一种方法是在所有不叫 luaL_openlibs（）。虽然为了方便提供，像所有的辅助库， luaL_openlibs（）是不是强制性的。相反，明确地打开你想要的库。

Another approach to including a different list of libraries in the interpreter is to not call luaL_openlibs() at all. Although provided as a convenience, like all of the auxiliary library, luaL_openlibs() is not mandatory. Instead, explicitly open just the libraries you want.

这个参考手册会谈第5章：

要访问这些库中，
  C主机程序应该调用
   luaL_openlibs 的功能，这将打开
  所有的标准库。此外，
  它可以通过单独打开它们
  调用 luaopen_base （用于基本
  库）， luaopen_package （用于
  包库）， luaopen_string （对于
  串库）， luaopen_table
  （该表库）， luaopen_math
  （用于数学库），
   luaopen_io （用于I / O库）
   luaopen_os （用于操作系统
  库）和 luaopen_debug （用于
  调试库）。这些功能
  在 lualib.h 宣布，不应该
  直接调用：你必须给他们打电话
  像任何其他的Lua的C函数，例如，
  通过使用 lua_call 。

To have access to these libraries, the C host program should call the luaL_openlibs function, which opens all standard libraries. Alternatively, it can open them individually by calling luaopen_base (for the basic library), luaopen_package (for the package library), luaopen_string (for the string library), luaopen_table (for the table library), luaopen_math (for the mathematical library), luaopen_io (for the I/O library), luaopen_os (for the Operating System library), and luaopen_debug (for the debug library). These functions are declared in lualib.h and should not be called directly: you must call them like any other Lua C function, e.g., by using lua_call.

这最后一句话是偶尔的麻烦之​​源，因为老版本的Lua没有这个限制。每个单独的模块的 luaopen_xxx（）函数遵循由要求函数中使用相同的协议。它应传递一个参数：包含通过该模块被称为名称的字符串。唯一的例外是基本模块，这是通过一个空字符串，因为它没有实际名称

That last sentence is occasionally the source of trouble, since older versions of Lua did not have that restriction. Each of the individual module's luaopen_xxx() functions follows the same protocol used by the require function. It should be passed a single argument: a string containing the name by which the module is known. The exception is the base module, which is passed an empty string because it has no actual name.

下面是创建一个新的Lua状态，只打开底座和封装库的函数：

Here's a function that creates a new Lua state and opens only the base and package libraries:

#include "lua.h"
#include "lualib.h"
#include "lauxlib.h"

lua_State *CreateBasicLua() {
    lua_State *L;

    L = luaL_newstate();
    if (L) {
        lua_pushcfunction(L, luaopen_base);
        lua_pushstring(L, "");
        lua_call(L, 1, 0);
        lua_pushcfunction(L, luaopen_package);
        lua_pushstring(L, LUA_LOADLIBNAME);
        lua_call(L, 1, 0);
    }
    return L;
}

它返回新的 lua_State 成功，或 NULL 失败。

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