用C类型安全枚举? [英] Typesafe enums in C?
问题描述
如果我有一个以上的枚举
,例如:
If I have more than one enum
, eg:
enum Greetings{ hello, bye, how };
enum Testing { one, two, three };
我怎么能执行正确的用法枚举
?
举例来说,我不希望有人用时,他们应该使用你好
有一个
更好的调试和可读性。
How can I enforce the usage of the correct enum
?
For example, I don't want someone to use hello
when they should be using one
for better debugging and readability.
推荐答案
在C,您可以伪造其与样板code。
In C, you can fake it with boilerplate code.
typedef enum { HELLO_E, GOODBYE_E } greetings_t;
struct greetings { greetings_t greetings; };
#define HELLO ((struct greetings){HELLO_E})
#define GOODBYE ((struct greetings){GOODBYE_E})
typedef enum { ONE_E, TWO_E } number_t;
struct number { number_t number; };
#define ONE ((struct number){ONE_E})
#define TWO ((struct number){TWO_E})
void takes_greeting(struct greetings g);
void takes_number(struct number n);
void test()
{
takes_greeting(HELLO);
takes_number(ONE);
takes_greeting(TWO);
takes_number(GOODBYE);
}
这不应该承担任何开销,并且产生的错误而不是警告:
This should not incur any overhead, and produces errors instead of warnings:
$ gcc -c -std=c99 -Wall -Wextra test2.c
test2.c: In function ‘test’:
test2.c:19: error: incompatible type for argument 1 of ‘takes_greeting’
test2.c:20: error: incompatible type for argument 1 of ‘takes_number’
请注意,我没有使用GNU的扩展,并且不会产生假警告。仅错误。另外请注意,我使用一个版本的GCC那是旧如粪土,
Notice that I'm not using GNU extensions, and no spurious warnings are generated. Only errors. Also note that I'm using a version of GCC that's as old as dirt,
$ gcc --version
powerpc-apple-darwin9-gcc-4.0.1 (GCC) 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5493)
Copyright (C) 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
这应该与C99的复合文字支持任何编译器的工作。
This should work with any compiler with support for C99's compound literals.
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