模板类成员函数的显式专门化 [英] explicit specialization of template class member function

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问题描述

我需要专门针对某种类型的模板成员函数(让我们说 double )。它工作正常,而类 X 本身不是一个模板类,但当我做它的模板GCC开始给编译时错误。

  #include< iostream> 
#include< cmath>

template< class C> class X
{
public:
template< class T> void get_as();
};

template< class C>
void X< C> :: get_as< double>()
{

}

int main()
{
X< int> X;
x.get_as();
}

这里是错误信息

  source.cpp:11:27:error:template-id 
'get_as< double>'声明主模板
source.cpp:11 :6:error:prototype for
'void X< C> :: get_as()'不匹配类'X< C>'中的任何一个
source.cpp:7:35:error:candidate是:
template< class C> template< class T> void X :: get_as()

如何解决这个问题? p>

提前感谢。

解决方案

您需要说明以下内容,但正确

 模板< class C&模板<> 
void X< C> :: get_as< double>()
{

}

显式专门化的成员需要他们周围的类模板也明确专门化。所以你需要说下面,这将只专门为 X< int> 成员。

  template<>模板<> 
void X< int> :: get_as< double>()
{

}

如果你想保留周围的模板未特殊化,你有几个选择。我喜欢重载

 模板< class C> class X 
{
template< typename T> struct type {};

public:
template< class T> void get_as(){
get_as(type< T>(());
}

private:
template< typename T> void get_as(type< T>){

}

void get_as(type< double>){

}
};


I need to specialize template member function for some type (let's say double). It works fine while class X itself is not a template class, but when I make it template GCC starts giving compile-time errors.

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

template <class C> class X
{
public:
   template <class T> void get_as();
};

template <class C>
void X<C>::get_as<double>()
{

}

int main()
{
   X<int> x;
   x.get_as();
}

here is the error message

source.cpp:11:27: error: template-id
  'get_as<double>' in declaration of primary template
source.cpp:11:6: error: prototype for
  'void X<C>::get_as()' does not match any in class 'X<C>'
source.cpp:7:35: error: candidate is:
  template<class C> template<class T> void X::get_as()

How can I fix that and what is the problem here?

Thanks in advance.

解决方案

It doesn't work that way. You would need to say the following, but it is not correct

template <class C> template<>
void X<C>::get_as<double>()
{

}

Explicitly specialized members need their surrounding class templates to be explicitly specialized as well. So you need to say the following, which would only specialize the member for X<int>.

template <> template<>
void X<int>::get_as<double>()
{

}

If you want to keep the surrounding template unspecialized, you have several choices. I prefer overloads

template <class C> class X
{
   template<typename T> struct type { };

public:
   template <class T> void get_as() {
     get_as(type<T>());
   }

private:
   template<typename T> void get_as(type<T>) {

   }

   void get_as(type<double>) {

   }
};

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