sizeof类与int,函数,虚函数在C ++? [英] sizeof class with int , function, virtual function in C++?
问题描述
这是一个在线C ++测试问题,已经完成。
This is an online C++ test question, which has been done.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
};
class B
{
int i;
};
class C
{
void foo();
};
class D
{
virtual void foo();
};
class E
{
int i ;
virtual void foo();
};
class F
{
int i;
void foo();
};
class G
{
void foo();
int i;
void foo1();
};
class H
{
int i ;
virtual void foo();
virtual void foo1();
};
int main()
{
cout <<"sizeof(class A) : " << sizeof(A) << endl ;
cout <<"sizeof(class B) adding the member int i : " << sizeof(B) << endl ;
cout <<"sizeof(class C) adding the member void foo() : " << sizeof(C) << endl ;
cout <<"sizeof(class D) after making foo virtual : " << sizeof(D) << endl ;
cout <<"sizeof(class E) after adding foo virtual , int : " << sizeof(E) << endl ;
cout <<"sizeof(class F) after adding foo , int : " << sizeof(F) << endl ;
cout <<"sizeof(class G) after adding foo , int : " << sizeof(G) << endl ;
G g;
cout <<"sizeof(class G) after adding foo , int : " << sizeof(g) << endl ;
cout <<"sizeof(class H) after adding int 2 virtual " << sizeof(H) << endl ;
return 0;
}
输出:
sizeof(class A) : 1
sizeof(class B) adding the member int i : 4
sizeof(class C) adding the member void foo() : 1
sizeof(class D) after making foo virtual : 8
sizeof(class E) after adding foo virtual , int : 16
sizeof(class F) after adding foo , int : 4
sizeof(class G) after adding foo , unsigned int : 4
sizeof(class g) after adding foo , unsigned int : 4
sizeof(class H) after adding int 2 virtual 16
我的问题:
为什么 siszeof(A)
是1, sizeof(C)
也是1?
Why siszeof(A)
is 1 and sizeof(C)
is 1 too ?
为什么 siszeof(H)
是16,但 sizeof(G)
是4?
Why siszeof(H)
is 16 but sizeof(G)
is 4 ?
为什么 siszeof(E)
是16而 sizeof(F)
是4?
Why siszeof(E)
is 16 but sizeof(F)
is 4 ?
为什么 siszeof(D)
是8,但 sizeof(E)
是16?
Why siszeof(D)
is 8 but sizeof(E)
is 16 ?
我的猜测:
虚函数是一个8字节的指针。
但是,我不知道为什么 E
size是16?
将函数添加到空类不会更改其大小?
A virtual function is a pointer with 8 bytes.
But, I do not know why E
size is 16 ?
Adding a function to an empty class does not change its size ?
任何帮助。
感谢
推荐答案
首先,虚函数不是指针有8个字节。在C ++中只有 sizeof(char)
被保证为任意数量的字节。
First off, a virtual function is not a pointer with 8 bytes. In C++ nothing but sizeof(char)
is guaranteed to be any number of bytes.
类中的虚函数增加它的大小(编译器依赖,但大多数 - 如果不是所有 - 它是这样的)。所有后续方法不会。非虚函数不会影响类的大小。
Second, only the first virtual function in a class increases its size (compiler-dependent, but on most - if not all - it's like this). All subsequent methods do not. Non-virtual functions do not affect the class's size.
这是因为类实例不保存指向方法本身的指针,而是指向一个虚函数表,每个类别一个。
This happens because a class instance doesn't hold pointers to methods themselves, but to a virtual function table, which is one per class.
所以,如果你有:
class A
{
virtual void foo();
}
和
class B
{
virtual void goo();
virtual void test();
static void m();
void x();
}
你会有 sizeof(A)== sizeof (B)
。
现在:
为什么siszeof(A)是1和sizeof(C)也是1?
Why siszeof(A) is 1 and sizeof(C) is 1 too ?
A
和 C
有大小1,因为它不允许一个类的大小为0.函数与它无关。
A
and C
have size 1 just because it's not allowed for a class to be of size 0. The functions have nothing to do with it. It's just a dummy byte.
为什么siszeof(H)是16而sizeof(G)是4?
Why siszeof(H) is 16 but sizeof(G) is 4 ?
G
只有一个用于记忆的成员 - int
。在你的平台上, sizeof(int)== 4
。 H
除了 int
,还有一个指向 vftable
(虚函数表,见上文)。
G
has only one member that accounts for memory - the int
. And on your platform, sizeof(int) == 4
. H
, besides the int
, also has a pointer to the vftable
(virtual function table, see above). The size of this, size of int and allignment are compiler specific.
为什么siszeof(E)是16,而sizeof(F)是4 ?
Why siszeof(E) is 16 but sizeof(F) is 4 ?
以上解释 - 非虚拟方法不占用类中的内存。
Explained above - non virtual methods don't take up memory in the class.
为什么siszeof(D)是8,但sizeof(E)是16?
Why siszeof(D) is 8 but sizeof(E) is 16 ?
D
只包含 vftable
指针,在您的平台上显然是8个字节。 E
也有一个int, vftable
与8个字节对齐。所以它是这样的:
D
only contains the vftable
pointer which is apparently 8 bytes on your platform. E
also has an int, and the vftable
is aligned to 8 bytes. So it's something like:
class E
4 bytes for int | 4 padding bytes | 8 bytes for vftable pointer |
| x | x | x | x | | | | | v | v | v | v | v | v | v | v |
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