C ++ 11自动和函数返回类型 [英] C++11 auto and function return types
问题描述
我知道 auto
, auto&
, const auto
和
const auto&
(例如在for each循环中),但令我惊讶的是:
I know of the difference between auto
, auto&
, const auto
and const auto&
(for example in a "for each" loop), but one thing that surprised me is:
std::string bla;
const std::string& cf()
{
return bla;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
auto s1=cf();
const std::string& s2=cf();
s1+="XXX"; // not an error
s2+="YYY"; //error as expected
}
因此,有人可以告诉我什么类型的<$在表达式 auto x = fun();
中的c $ c> x 将不是与返回值类型相同的类型 fun()
?
So can somebody tell me when the type of x
in the expression auto x = fun();
won't be the same type as the type of the return value of the fun()
?
推荐答案
auto
与模板类型推导相同:
The rules for auto
are the same as for template type deduction:
template <typename T>
void f(T t); // same as auto
template <typename T>
void g(T& t); // same as auto&
template <typename T>
void h(T&& t); // same as auto&&
std::string sv;
std::string& sl = sv;
std::string const& scl = sv;
f(sv); // deduces T=std::string
f(sl); // deduces T=std::string
f(scl); // deduces T=std::string
f(std::string()); // deduces T=std::string
f(std::move(sv)); // deduces T=std::string
g(sv); // deduces T=std::string, T& becomes std::string&
g(sl); // deduces T=std::string, T& becomes std::string&
g(scl); // deduces T=std::string const, T& becomes std::string const&
g(std::string()); // does not compile
g(std::move(sv)); // does not compile
h(sv); // deduces std::string&, T&& becomes std::string&
h(sl); // deduces std::string&, T&& becomes std::string&
h(scl); // deduces std::string const&, T&& becomes std::string const&
h(std::string()); // deduces std::string, T&& becomes std::string&&
h(std::move(sv)); // deduces std::string, T&& becomes std::string&&
一般来说,如果您想要一份副本,请使用 auto
,如果你想要一个引用你使用 auto&&
。 auto&&&
保留引用的常数,也可以绑定到临时表达式(延长其生命周期)。
In general, if you want a copy, you use auto
, and if you want a reference you use auto&&
. auto&&
preserves the constness of the referene and can also bind to temporaries (extending their lifetime).
这篇关于C ++ 11自动和函数返回类型的文章就介绍到这了,希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持IT屋!